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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cat phrenic nucleus architecture as revealed by horseradish peroxidase mapping (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 35 (1979), S. 395-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Spinal cord ; Phrenic motoneurons ; Neuron geometry ; Horseradish peroxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cat phrenic motoneurons, labeled by intradiaphragmatic injection of horseradish peroxidase, formed a tight cluster in the most ventral portion of the ventral horn in lamina IX of the lower cervical cord. Cell counts were symmetrically distributed for 17 to 21 mm along the longitudinal axis of the cord with a unimodal peak at the junction of segments C5 and C6. The phrenic nucleus was bilaterally organized on either side of the cord with anatomical symmetry and in no case was there evidence for the crossing of phrenic axons in the cord. Assessment of cellular geometry and intercellular relationships demonstrated that phrenic cell diameters approximated a normal distribution with a single peak at 26 μm while longitudinal cell lengths averaged 76 μm. Cells of different size were mixed randomly at all levels of the nucleus. The minimum distance between cells was about 10 μm and the maximum cell packing density approached 2 cells per 106 μm3. The results confirm the location of the cat phrenic nucleus, extend the knowledge of phrenic motoneuronal geometry, and provide an anatomical basis for the understanding of recruitment and synchronization phenomena within the phrenic nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236759
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of sympathetic sprouting in sensory ganglia in three animal models of neuropathic pain (1998)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 120 (1998), S. 432-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Causalgia ; Hyperalgesia ; Mechanical allodynia ; Peripheral nerve injury ; Sympathetically maintained pain ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Sympathetic postganglionic fibers sprout in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after peripheral nerve injury. Therefore, one possible contributing factor of sympathetic dependency of neuropathic pain is the extent of sympathetic sprouting in the DRG after peripheral nerve injury. The present study compared the extent of sympathetic sprouting in the DRG as well as in the injured peripheral nerve in three rat neuropathic pain models: (1) the chronic constriction injury model (CCI); (2) the partial sciatic nerve ligation injury model (PSI); and (3) the segmental spinal nerve ligation injury model (SSI). All three methods of peripheral nerve injury produced behavioral signs of ongoing and evoked pain with some differences in the magnitude of each pain component. The density of sympathetic fibers in the DRG was significantly higher at all examined postoperative times than controls in the SSI model, while it was somewhat higher than controls only at the last examined postoperative time (20 weeks) in the CCI and PSI models. Therefore, data suggest that, although sympathetic changes in the DRG may contribute to neuropathic pain syndromes in the SSI model, other mechanisms seem to be more important in the CCI and PSI models at early times following peripheral nerve injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050416
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different strains and substrains of rats show different levels of neuropathic pain behaviors (1999)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 129 (1999), S. 167-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Causalgia ; Hyperalgesia ; Mechanical allodynia ; Peripheral nerve injury ; Sympathetically maintained pain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  This study compared and contrasted the manifestation of neuropathic pain behaviors in several strains of rats. These included ACI, Brown-Norway, Fischer 344, Lewis, Long-Evans, Sprague-Dawley, and Wistar-Furth, all obtained from Harlan Sprague-Dawley Inc. Comparison was also made between two substrains of Sprague-Dawley rats: one from Harlan and the other from Sasco. Neuropathic injury was produced by tightly ligating the left L5 and L6 spinal nerves with the animals under halothane anesthesia. Tests were conducted for 2 weeks to examine behavioral signs representing mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia, and spontaneous pain. There was no difference between strains in any of the tested behaviors before surgery. After neuropathic injury, rats in most groups developed high levels of behavioral signs of various components of neuropathic pain; however, some strains of rats showed weak behavioral signs of neuropathic pain. When a comparison was made between two substrains of Sprague-Dawley rats from two different sources, the ones from Sasco showed weaker behavioral signs than those from Harlan. When comparisons were made between different strains of rats from the same source (Harlan), Brown-Norway and Long-Evans rats showed the smallest magnitude of neuropathic pain behaviors. The data indicate that different strains and substrains of rats display different degrees of pain behaviors, suggesting that strains and substrains are important variables in the development of neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050886
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficacy of low-dose clarithromycin triple therapy and tinidazole-containing triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapies are recommended as the first-line treatment for Helicobacter pylori eradication.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To evaluate the efficacies of low-dose clarithromycin triple therapy and tinidazole-containing triple therapy in a metronidazole resistance prevalent area and to compare the efficacies with standard triple therapy.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:In a randomized, multicentre, prospective study, a total of 352 patients with duodenal ulcer or non-ulcer dyspepsia were randomly divided into three groups according to the administered regimen: OAC250 group (omeprazole, 20 mg, amoxicillin, 1000 mg, and clarithromycin, 250 mg), OAC500 group (omeprazole, 20 mg, amoxicillin, 1000 mg, and clarithromycin, 500 mg) and OTC group (omeprazole, 20 mg, tinidazole, 500 mg, and clarithromycin, 500 mg). The three groups received each regimen twice daily for 7 days. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed before and 4 weeks after treatment. H. pylori status was determined by rapid urease test and 13C urea breath test.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:The eradication rates in the OAC250, OAC500 and OTC groups were 76.2%, 65.7% and 64.8% (95% confidence interval: 67.9–84.4%, 56.7–74.8% and 55.7–73.9%), respectively, by intention-to-treat analysis (P=0.149) and 92.8%, 87.2% and 84.1% (95% confidence interval: 84.4–97.3%, 77.9–93.8% and 73.9–91.2%), respectively, by per protocol analysis (P=0.088). All regimens were well tolerated and compliance was excellent.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:Both low-dose clarithromycin triple therapy and tinidazole-containing triple therapy are effective and safe regimens for H. pylori eradication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01130.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dopamine in tissues of the hydrozoan jellyfishPolyorchis penicillatus as revealed by HPLC and GC/MS (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 159 (1989), S. 173-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Jellyfish ; Dopamine ; HPLC ; GC/MS ; Hydrozoa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary High performance liquid chromatography of alumina extracts of several tissues inPolyorchis penicillatus show the presence of dopamine and a catecholamine resembling norepinephrine. Dopamine is found in the highest concentrations in nerve-rich tissue (120 fmol·mg wet wt−1), at intermediate concentrations in endoderm-rich tissue (30 fmol·mg−1), and at the lowest concentrations in the mesoglea (10 fmol·mg−1). The presence of dopamine was confirmed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with negative ion chemical ionization, but norepinephrine and epinephrine could not be detected in nerve-rich tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691738
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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