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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 42 (1991), S. 874-910 
    ISSN: 1420-9039
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit den grundlegenden Aspekten der hydraulischen Ausgleichsströmungen. In einem ersten Teil wird der Grenzfall eines kleinen Dichteverhältnisses zweier Fluida anhand der Betrachtung des Entleerungsproblems eines horizontalen wassergefüllten Kanals mittels Pressluft diskutiert. Zur Untersuchung des Problems für beliebige Dichteverhältnisse wird der allgemeine Fall zweier Fluida verschiedener Dichte in einem geschlossenen horizontalen Kanal betrachtet, die anfänglich durch eine vertikale Trennwand voneinander getrennt sind. Zu einer Zeitt=0 wird die Trennwand plötzlich entfernt, und die Ausgleichsströmung setzt ein. Im allgemeinen besteht eine vollständige Ausgleichsströmung aus einem Schwerestrom eines leichten Fluids, der in einen Kanalbereich eindringt, welcher ursprünglich mit einem schweren Fluid gefüllt war. Eine Expansionswelle, die mit etwas kleinerer Geschwindigkeit in die gleiche Richtung läuft, folgt diesem Schwerestrom and verbindet ihn mit einem in Gegenrichtung laufenden Schwerestrom hoher Dichte, der in einem Kanalbereich eindringt, welcher ursprünglich mit leichtem Fluid gefüllt war. Für Dichteverhältnisser≲0.281 weist dieser Schwerestrom einen dissipativen Charakter auf-oder anders ausgedrückt-in einem Bezugssystem, das sich mit dem Schwerestrom bewegt, ist die nachfolgende Strömung unterkritisch. Wenn das Dichteverhältnis den Wert 0.281 übersteigt, kann der Schwerestrom grundsätzlich verlustfrei sein. In diesem Fall wird die nachfolgende Strömung überkritisch und der verlustfreie Schwerestrom wird von einem inneren hydraulischen Sprung gefolgt.
    Notizen: Summary This paper discusses the fundamental aspects of the hydraulic lock-exchange problem. In a first part the limit of small density ratios of the two fluids involved is discussed by considering the problem of emptying a horizontal water-filled channel by means of pressurized air. To study the problem for arbitrary density ratios, the general case of two fluids of different densities in a closed horizontal channel that are initially separated by a vertical splitter plate is considered. At timet=0 (say) the separating plate is suddenly removed and thus initiates the lock-exchange flow. Generally, a complete lock-exchange flow involves an essentially loss-free gravity current of low-density fluid penetrating into a part of the channel that was originally filled with high-density fluid. An expansion wave that runs in the same direction follows this gravity current at a somewhat lower speed and connects it to a counter-running gravity current of high-density fluid penetrating into a part of the channel that was originally filled with low-density fluid. At density ratiosr≲0.281 this gravity current of high-density fluid exhibits a dissipative character, i.e. in a frame of reference moving with the gravity current the flow behind it is subcritical. As the density ratio exceeds the value 0.281 the gravity current may essentially become loss-free. In this case the flow behind it becomes supercritical and the loss-free gravity current is followed by an internal hydraulic jump.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 5 (1985), S. 119-141 
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Schlagwort(e): Heat and mass transfer ; thermal plasma ; vapor contamination effect ; analytical studies
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract Heat transfer to a copper particle immersed into an argon plasma is considered in this paper, including the effects of contamination of the plasma (transport coefficients) by copper vapor from the particle. Except for cases of high plasma temperatures, the vapor content in the plasma is shown to have a considerable influence on heat transfer to a nonevaporating particle, and, to a lesser extent, on heat transfer to an evaporating particle. Evaporation itself reduces heat transfer to a particle substantially as shown in a previous paper [Xi Chen and E. Pfender, Plasma Chem. Plasma Process.,2, 185 (1982)]. Comparisons of the calculated results with those based on a method suggested in the above reference show that the simplified assumptions employed, i.e., that the surface temperature is equal to the boiling point and that plasma properties based on a fixed composition are applicable, can be employed to simplify calculations for many cases. This study reveals that a considerable portion of a particle must be vaporized before a steady concentration distribution is established around the particle.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 5 (1985), S. 391-414 
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Schlagwort(e): Thermal plasmas ; heat and mass transfer ; review
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract This paper is concerned with a review of heat and mass transfer between thermal plasmas and particulate matter. In this situation various effects which are not present in ordinary heat and mass transfer have to be considered, including unsteady conditions, modified convective heat transfer due to strongly varying plasma properties, radiation, internal conduction, particle shape, vaporization and evaporation, noncontinuum conditions, and particle charging. The results indicate that (i) convective heat transfer coefficients have to be modified due to strongly varying plasma properties; (ii) vaporization, defined as a mass transfer process corresponding to particle surface temperatures below the boiling point, describes a different particle heating history than that of the evaporation process which, however, is not a critical control mechanism for interphase mass transfer of particles injected into thermal plasmas; (iii) particle heat transfer under noncontinuum conditions is governed by individual contributions from the species in the plasma (electrons, ions, neutral species) and by particle charging effects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 9 (1989), S. 45-71 
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Schlagwort(e): Thermal plasma flows ; particulates ; three-dimensional effects ; swirl component ; modeling
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract Injection of particulate matter into a thermal plasma represents one of the approaches used in thermal plasma processing. The injected particles are usually treated as a dispersed phase, governed by the equation of motion and the rate equations for heat and mass transfer in Lagrangian coordinates. A stochastic approach is introduced to take particle dispersion into account due to turbulent fluctuations by randomly sampling instantaneous flow fields. Three-dimensional effects are also considered which are mainly due to particle injection and the presence of a swirl component. A modified approach for investigating noncontinuum effects on plasma-particle heat transfer is proposed, incorporating both electric and aerodynamic effects on the boundary layer around a particle immersed into a thermal plasma. Comparisons of theoretical predictions based on the present model with available experimental data are, in general, in reasonable agreement.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 9 (1989), S. 291-328 
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Schlagwort(e): Thermal plasma jets ; turbulence ; vortex flow ; modeling
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract This work is concerned with analytical studies of thermal plasma jets, which are finding increasing interest for thermal plasma processing. A two-dimensional model for turbulent plasma jets with superimposed vortex flow has been developed, incorporating multiple time scales for velocity and temperature fluctuations and a density-weighted averaging for the density fluctuation effect. Results show that adding swirl to the flow field for confined and free jets induces strong axial and radial pressure gradients near the nozzle exit, causing a rapid decay of the axial velocity with increasing distance from the nozzle. Comparisons with cold flow show similar trends close to the nozzle exit, but further downstream, the axial velocities increase again, especially for larges swirl numbers. Comparisons of theoretical predictions based on the present model with available experimental data are, in general, in reasonable agreement.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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