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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 4 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of chronic peripheral inflammation on spinal cord γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were examined in the rat. Following the injection of complete Freund's adjuvant in the left hindlimb footpad an increased number of immunoreactive cells occurred in ipsilateral laminae I-III of the dorsal horn from L3 to L5. GABA-immunoreactive cells were more numerous than contralaterally 1 week after the onset of the inflammation, reached maximal numbers after 3–4 weeks, and declined thereafter. Differences from control sides were statistically significant except at week 6. GABA levels in homogenates of the ipsilateral lumbar enlargement were increased significantly at 4 weeks. Since increases in GABA occurred in the spinal cord zone of projection of the nerves supplying the inflamed foot, the central response is surmised to result from the increased nociceptive input arriving from the periphery. However, the transmission from primary axons to GABA interneurons is not likely to be monosynaptic since profiles containing glutamate decarboxylase or GABA immunoreactivity are known to be predominantly presynaptic, and rarely postsynaptic, to primary afferent endings in electron micrographs in the rat. The findings support the function attributed to spinal GABA in modulating nociceptive input at segmental level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Ultrasructure Research 39 (1972), S. 310-326 
    ISSN: 0022-5320
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Ultrasructure Research 89 (1984), S. 1-11 
    ISSN: 0022-5320
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Ultrasructure Research 47 (1974), S. 242-254 
    ISSN: 0022-5320
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 56 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 269 (1971), S. 15-31 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Isolated Venous Strips ; Perfused Venous Segments ; Oil-immersion Technique ; Uptake of H3-noradrenaline by Venous Tissue ; Disposition of Noradrenaline and Adrenaline in Veins ; Role of MAO, COMT and Uptake in Disposition of Noradrenaline ; Cocaine Potentiation of Noradrenaline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The termination of responses to noradrenaline and adrenaline was studied, using the oil immersion technique, in helically cut strips obtained from the lateral saphenous vein of the dog. Inhibitors of catechol-O-methyltransferase (tropolone), monoamine oxidase (iproniazid) or neuronal uptake (cocaine and imipramine-N-oxide) slowed the relaxation rate of strips contracted by noradrenaline or adrenaline (10−5 and 10−6 M) and immersed in oil. From these experiments it is concluded that, at the concentrations used, oxidative deamination represents the major inactivation pathway for both catecholamines, and that O-methylation plays only a minor role in the disposition of the amines; however, the inactivation of adrenaline is more dependent on catechol-O-methyltransferase than that of noradrenaline. Tissue uptake and storage occupied an intermediate position between the enzymatic pathways referred to: iproniazid inhibited 79%, cocaine 54% and tropolone 27% of the inactivation capacity when 10−5 M noradrenaline was used. However, the combination of the three drugs inhibited only 88% of the inactivation capacity. This is due to the marked overlap of the effects of cocaine and iproniazid, which is attributed to the blockade by cocaine of the access of the amine to intraneuronal sites of oxidative deamination. Cocaine caused marked potentiation of responses to noradrenaline and moderate prolongation of relaxation time, while iproniazid, which had much more marked effects on the termination of action of noradrenaline, induced only a slight augmentation of the contractile responses. It is concluded that potentiation is an unreliable index of altered disposition of noradrenaline in this preparation. Experiments with perfused venous segments showed that, following the concentration gradient, noradrenaline diffuses freely through the vein wall, and that there is no marked difference in responses to adventitial or intimal application of the amine. Radioautographic studies gave evidence of two different types of accumulation (neuronal and extraneuronal), which appeared to be in equilibrium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: In this paper the per phase inductance and the capacitance to neutral of a 220kV three-phase overhead transmission line are calculated using a 2D finite element formulation. This study was performed considering the phase conductors transposition as well as the effect of the earth wires in the capacitance. The results produced by the finite element approach are compared with the analytical solutions showing a close agreement. Finally some conclusions are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 3 (1964), S. 509-520 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 3 (1964), S. 547-557 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die in Nervenzellen nach experimentellem Verschluß der A. cerebri media auftretenden morphlogischen und histochemischen Veränderungen wurden studiert. Das Untersuchungsmaterial bestand aus 54 Hunden mit Unterindung der A. cerebri media und 10 Kontrolltieren entweder mit Rindenentfernung oder Unterbindung der A. cerebri anterior oder posterior. Kresylviolett, PAS, Sudanschward B-Färbung sowie die Gomori-Methode auf alkalische und saure Phosphatase wurden angewendet. Bei 22 Tieren mit einer Überlebenszeit von 39 Std bis zu 14 Tagen wurde die Verteilung chronischer Läsionen sowie ihr histologisches Bild untersucht. Infarkte waren fast immer in der Sylvischen Region sowie im Striatum lokalisiert. 32 Hunde hatten Überlebenszeiten von weniger oder bis zu 24 Std. Die Nervenzellveränderungen dieser akuten Experimente wurden sorgfältig untersucht. Histologische konnten drei Arten von akuten Nervenzellveränderungen festgestellt werden: 1. Schrumpfung, frühestens nach 3 Std; 2. Wasserveränderungen nach 6 std, wobei beide deutliche Herdlokalisation zeigten, und daher leicht von ähnlichen bilateralen Artefakten — wie den üblichen chromohilen Zellen — zu unterscheiden waren; 3. ischämische Zellveränderungen, wobei 1. und 2. zu diesem Überlebenszeitpunkt abnehmen. Mit PAS und sudanschwarz B werden diese drei Arten von akut geschädigten Nervenzellen schwach gefärbt, die Chromohilen hingegen reagieren stark positiv. Alkalische und saure Phosphataseaktivität konnte weder in den veränderten noch in den chromohilen Nervenzellen festgestellt werden. Jedoch zeigten Nervenfasern in akut geschädigten Arealen als auch um chronische Infarkte stark positive saure Phosphataseaktivität und ließen morphologische Veränderungen, wie Unterbrechungen, Unterbrechungen, Schwellungen und Endauftreibungen erkennen. Der Autor vermutet, daß die rasch auftretende Aktivitätssteigerung in direkter Beziehung zu der Ischämie der Nervenfasern steht.
    Notes: Summary Morphological and histochemical changes occurring in nerve cells after experimental occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery have been studied. Material consisted of fifty-four dogs with ligation of that artery and ten controls with either only retraction of the cortex or ligation of the anterior or posterior cerebral arteries. Techniques employed were cresyl violet, PAS, Sudan black B and Gomori methods for alkaline and acid phosphatases. In twenty-two animals which survived 39 h to fourteen days, the distribution of chronic lesions and their histological type have been examined, infarcts being nearly always localized within the Sylvian region and the striated nuclei. Thirty-two other dogs had survivals inferior to or of 24 h and in these acute experiments nerve cell changes were carefully studied. Histologically, it was possible to detect three types of acute nerve cell change: (1) shrinkage and (2) hydropic change, the first appearing after 3 h, the second after 6 h, both with focal localization, thus easily distinguishable from similar bilateral artefactual images as the common chromophilic cells; (3) ischemic cell change, encountered for the first time after 6 h and having its peak at 24 h, whereas (1) and (2) became less frequent at this survival period. PAS and Sudan black B stained the three types of acutely damaged nerve cells faintly but were strongly positive in the chromophilic ones. Alkaline and acid phosphatase activities were absent both from changed and chromophilic neurones. However, nerve fibers existing throughout acutely lesioned areas as well as around chronic infarcts had strong acid phosphatase positivity and showed morphological changes such as interruptions, varicosities and terminal swellings. Owing to the rapid appearance of that increased activity, the A. considered it directly due to the ischemia of the nerve fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure and periterminal synaptology of the primary afferent terminations in laminae I and IIo are examined in the rat, following anterograde labelling with horseradish peroxidase applied to the right C5-dorsal root. Labelled varicosities observed along the terminal arbors in parasagittal thick sections were relocated in ultrathin sections by electron microscopy. The labelled terminal profiles generated by the three primary afferent plexuses which can be identified by light microscopy in laminae I-IIo had similar fine structural features, except that axo-axonal contacts, although rare, were more frequent in the medial network plexus. Primary boutons were packed with agranular spherical vesicles and some large granular vesicles, and were mostly presynaptic to profiles of dendritic trunks of marginal cells. Unlabelled axonal profiles, either light with some flattened vesicles, or dense with round vesicles, were also presynaptic at symmetrical or asymmetrical contacts, respectively, to those dendritic profiles. It is suggested that such knobs of intrinsic origin are responsible for postsynaptic modulation of the primary noxious input. Although the 20 μm wide lamina IIo belongs cytoarchitectonically to lamina II and can be distinguished from lamina I by a decreased amount of myelinated fibres and large dendritic profiles, the periterminal synaptology was here found to be the same as in lamina I.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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