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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immune Responses during Human Schistosomiasis Mansoni (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 17 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: T lymphocyte immunoregulatory subsets (T4+ and T8+ cells) have been analysed in eight cases of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni, and compared to parallel analyses of seven intestinal Schistosoma mansoni-infected patients and four uninfected control subjects. The mean T4+:TK+ ratio in hepatosplenic cases was markedly less than observed in other groups (0.94 vs 1.86 vs 2.22. respectively). Proliferative responses stimulated by a soluble adult worm extract correlated directly with the observed T4:T8 ratios. Normal levels of E rosette-positive and surface immunoglobulin-bearing lymphoid cells were observed in intestinal patients, while hepatosplenic patients demonstrated normal B lymphocyte proportions but highly erratic E rosette-positive percentages. Curiously, in hepatosplenic patients the percentage of E rosette-positive cells often did not correlate with the proportion of T3+ cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb00793.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immune Responses During Human Schistosomiasis Mansoni. XVIII. Immunologic Status of Pregnant Women and Their Neonates (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 35 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The immune status of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)and sera of pregnant woman infected with the helminth Schistosoma mansoni was studied during pregnancy, and the cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) and sera from their offspring were studied at parturition. PBMC pokeweed mitogen-induced responses were maintained in gravid women, but the responses to both schistosome and non-schistosome antigenic preparations declined progressively during pregnancy. Schistosomal antigens simulated proliferative responses by the CBMC of many neonates born of infected mothers, but not those of uninfected mothers. These specific responses by CBMC of only neonates born of infected mothers are indicative of in utero, cell-mediated sensitization of the neonates, which could be due either to circulating schistosomal antigens or to anti-idiotypic antibodies which cross the placenta during gestation. Sera from infected mothers and the cord blood sera from their babies showed the same levels of specific IgG anti-schistosomal activity. Anti-schistosomal IgM levels were maintained during pregnancy to some antigens and not to others, while such antibodies were rarely found in cord blood sera, and then only at very low levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1992.tb02878.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immune Responses during Human Schistosomiasis Mansoni (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 24 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Splenocytes from 25 patients with severe hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni were obtained after therapeutic splenectomy, Spleen cells were phenotyped and analysed for responsiveness to mitogens or heterogeneous schistosome-derived antigenic preparations (eggs. SEA; adult worms, SWAP; cercariae. CERC) in blastogenesis assays and lymphokine production systems, and were compared with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMN). Splenic lymphocytes were 55% T lymphocytes (sheep erythrocyte rosette-positive) and 37% surface immunoglobulin-positive B lymphocytes. The mean T4+:T8+ ratio of these splenocytes was 1.0. Phytohaemagglutinin stimulated spleen cell production of the lymphokine mitogenic factor, but exposure to SEA or SWAP did not. Spleen cell and PBMN blastogenic responses to SEA and SWAP were sometimes, but not always in accord. Removal of plastic adherent cells allowed the non-adherent spleen cells of 30–40% of the patients to respond substantially more vigorously to SEA, SWAP and CERC. Spleen cells from a subgroup or 20–30% of the patients failed to respond to the schistosomal antigens regardless of removal of adherent cells. Spleen cell responses to gram-negative lipopolysaccharide peaked on day 5 or 6 of culture, and were augmented by adherent cell removal. Pokeweed mitogen-stimulaled responses were optimal on day 5 of culture. Spleen cells from most severe, hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni patients do not respond well to schistosomal antigens or B-cell mitogens. The splenic responses of many of these patients were elevated by the removal of adherent spleen cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1986.tb02129.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunopathogenesis and Immunoregulation in Schistosomiasis (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 797 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb52957.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibodies Reactive to Trypanosoma cruzi Epimastigotes or Amastigotes Express Different Idiotypic Patterns if from Patients with Different Clinical Forms of Chagas' Disease (1996)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 43 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Antibodies (Abs) were purified from pooled sera of patients with either indeterminate (IND or I) or cardiac (CARD or C) Chagas' disease, on either epimastigote (EPI or E) or amastigote-enriched (AMAST or A) antigen (Ag) columns and their idiotypic (Id) expression examined. Anti-Id rabbit Abs were raised to the different preparations (E-IdI, E-IdC, A-IdI and A-IdC). Competitive ELISAs using anti-Ids were able to discriminate between IdI and IdC, disregarding Ag reactivity. E-IdI and A-IdI present different inhibitory abilities, as do E-IdC and A-IdC, but IdC always competes with IdI for anti-IdI comparably. In contrast, a 4–8-fold increase of IdI is required to compete in parallel with IdC for anti-IdC. Therefore, Ids from IND patients share only low levels of the Ids that are most characteristic of CARD patients. While some CARD Abs also express Ids in common with IND patients, these studies reveal that CARD Abs express some Ids that are characteristic to only CARD patients, and these Ids are present on Abs purified with either EPI or AMAST.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-262.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow Cytometric Study of Blood Leucocytes in Clinical Forms of Human Schistosomiasis (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 46 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study was to examine three distinct groups of schistosomiasis patients and to determine whether cell phenotype profiles could be correlated with the different clinical forms of the disease. The data obtained indicate that Schistosoma mansoni infected patients have a lower percentage of CD3+ T cells than do non-infected individuals. Interestingly, infected patients presented more than twice the mean percentage of circulating activated T cells (CD3+HLA-DR+) when compared to the control group. Examination of T lymphocyte subpopulations showed that patients with the severe hepatosplenic form (HS) of the disease had lower levels of both CD8High+ and CD8Low+ cells when compared to the other groups of patients. All infected individuals had a higher percentage of circulating B cells, with an increase in the CD5+ B cell population that was more evident in the HS group. The data presented here are evidence to support a relationship between the hepatosplenic form of the disease, a decrease on the CD8+ cell population and an elevation on CD5+B cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-119.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytokine Regulation of Human Immune Response to Schistosoma mansoni: Analysis of the Role of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Responses (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 46 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The role of cytokines on the in vitro proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from Schistosoma mansoni infected patients to soluble egg (SEA) and adult worm antigens (SWAP) were evaluated. The results obtained demonstrated that the proliferative response of PBMC from chronic intestinal (INT) patients to SEA and SWAP is increased by the blockage of IL-10 with specific monoclonal antibodies (MAb). The effects of these antibodies were readily reversed by the addition of recombinant IL-10. In contrast, no effect was observed on the PBMC response of acute and hepatosplenic patients (HS) in the presence of anti-IL-10. Anti-IL-4 antibodies decreased the PBMC response of the intestinal (INT) and HS individuals to SEA and SWAP, and the PBMC response of acute patients to SEA but not to SWAP. Addition of anti-IL-5 MAb did not decrease the PBMC response of acute patients to SEA or SWAP. These results suggested that IL-10 has an important role in the modulation of the immune response in chronic asymptomatic patients and that this cytokine may be an important factor in controlling morbidity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-136.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chagasic Patients Lack CD28 Expression on Many of Their Circulating T Lymphocytes (1996)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 43 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A balanced host-parasite interaction during Trypanosoma cruzi infection allows for the establishment of a chronic infection that can last for many years. T cells are a major element responsible for parasite specific and non-specific immunityduring the complex immune response of the host. However, the sub-populations of T cells involved in the response, as well as the exact mechanisms through which those cells are activated or rendered unresponsive, are not well defined. It is known thatco-stimulatory signals, some of which are mediated via CD28, are of critical importance in the triggering of appropriate T cell responses. In this study the authors performed double-labelling studies to determine the frequency of expression of CD28 byCD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with Chagas’ disease. The results show that chagasic patients throughout the spectrum of chronic clinical forms of the infection have significantly higher meanfrequencies of CD4+CD28– and CD8+CD28– T cells, as compared with non-chagasic individuals. Considering the importance of CD28 for T-cell activation, the observed down-regulation or loss of CD28during infection may indicate a possible basis for observed immunoregulatory events or distinct stages of T-cell activation in this infection. Recent evidence from patients with HIV/AIDS indicates that CD28– cell populations are morelikely to undergo apoptosis, and increased apoptosis has been observed in experimental Chagas disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-9.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preface
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics B (Proceedings Supplements) 36 (1994), S. v 
    Details
    ISSN: 0920-5632
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5632(94)90758-7
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cross sections for charged current ν and $$\bar v$$ interactions in the energy range 10 to 50 GeV (1979)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 2 (1979), S. 187-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Charged-current neutrino and antineutrino interaction cross sections have been measured in the energy range 10 to 50 GeV using BEBC filled with a neon-hydrogen mixture. At these energies, σ/E was measured to be (0.73±0.08) 10−38 cm2/GeV per nucleon for neutrinos and (0.32±0.06) 10−38 cm2/GeV per nucleon for antineutrinos.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01474659
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