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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Range and straggling effects on CR-39/range-filter ion energy measurements : Proceedings of the 9th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 4895-4897 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The CR-39/range-filter technique measures ion energy by determining the maximum filter thickness which ions can penetrate. CR-39 located behind the filter records the ions. This method is used to measure peak voltage in pulsed power accelerators. We investigated range and straggling effects in this diagnostic by exposing it to 8- and 15-MeV protons for both Al and Ta filters. The range agreed with published values to better than ±6%. The range straggling decreased for higher incident ion energy and lower atomic number, as expected, although there were differences up to a factor of 1.7 between the experimental values and predictions. The dependence of the track diameter distribution on ion energy enabled us to establish a signature which is characteristic of ions which penetrate a filter, via straggling. These results can be used to evaluate the errors present when this diagnostic is used to measure accelerator voltage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143543
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calibration of CR-39 for detecting fusion neutrons : Proceedings of the 9th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 4892-4894 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have measured the efficiency (tracks per incident neutron) of pure CR-39 for detecting DD and DT neutrons. Neutrons having average energies of 2.9 MeV (DD) and 14.8 MeV (DT) were produced by a 200-keV electrostatic accelerator and the neutron yields were measured using the associated particle counting technique. All CR-39 samples irradiated by DD or DT neutrons were etched for 2 h in a 70°, 6.25-N(underbar) NaOH bath. For bare CR-39, the efficiencies for detecting 2.9- and 14.8-MeV neutrons were found to be (1.3±0.4)×10−4 and (5.0±1.8)×10−5, respectively. We also investigated using CR-39 and polyimide as proton radiators. For detecting 2.9-MeV neutrons, the radiators had no significant effect on efficiency; but for detecting 14.8-MeV neutrons the polyimide radiator increased the efficiency to (7.8±2.8)×10−5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143542
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calibration of a direct nuclear activation diagnostic which uses boron nitride to measure energetic deuterium ions : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 1205-1208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A direct nuclear activation diagnostic for the measurement of the kinetic energy of deuterium ions in the energy range of 1–3 MeV has been successfully developed. This diagnostic is based on the fact that the ratio of two different thick-target yields which are generated by the same incident ion species can be a sensitive function of incident ion energy. Targets for this diagnostic are made of α-boron nitride (BN) and use the two reactions: 10B(d,n) 11C(β+) and 14N(d,n) 15O(β+). The ratio of thick-target yields depends only on the deuterium ion energy and is independent of ion fluence and detector efficiency. The calibrated diagnostic was then fielded to measure the voltage in a plasma opening switch (POS). Electrical measurements of the POS voltage and the voltage inferred from the BN nuclear activation diagnostic were in good agreement. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149336
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An intense proton beam diagnostic using the 7Li(p,γ)8Be →141Pr(γ,n)140Pr(β+) nuclear reaction sequence : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 309-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An indirect nuclear activation diagnostic was developed to measure the proton fluence onto a thick target of lithium metal located in the diode region of pulsed power accelerators. This diagnostic uses the nuclear reaction sequence 7Li(p,γ)8Be→141Pr(γ,n)140Pr(β+) to relate the proton fluence to induced 140Pr activity. This diagnostic was calibrated using a Van de Graaff accelerator. Energetic protons were focused onto a thick lithium target driving the 7Li(p,γ)8Be reaction. The resulting prompt gamma rays activated a secondary 141Pr target via the reaction 141Pr(γ,n)140Pr(β+). A NaI gamma-gamma coincidence detector system was used to measure the induced 140Pr activity as a function of proton energy and proton fluence. These data yielded a calibration curve for proton energies ranging from 2 to 12 MeV. Since deuterium impurities can interfere with this diagnostic by driving the reaction sequence 7Li(d,n)8Be→141Pr(n,2n)140Pr, a similar calibration experiment was conducted using deuterium ions. These data yielded a correction factor that can be used to determine the deuterium contribution to the 140Pr activity, providing that the deuterium beam fraction is known. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146393
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Target diagnostic system for the national ignition facility (invited) : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 868-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A review of recent progress on the design of a diagnostic system proposed for ignition target experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) will be presented. This diagnostic package contains an extensive suite of optical, x ray, gamma ray, and neutron diagnostics that enable measurements of the performance of both direct and indirect driven NIF targets. The philosophy used in designing all of the diagnostics in the set has emphasized redundant and independent measurement of fundamental physical quantities relevant to the operation of the NIF target. A unique feature of these diagnostics is that they are being designed to be capable of operating in the high radiation, electromagnetic pulse, and debris backgrounds expected on the NIF facility. The diagnostic system proposed can be categorized into three broad areas: laser characterization, hohlraum characterization, and capsule performance diagnostics. The operating principles of a representative instrument from each class of diagnostic employed in this package will be summarized and illustrated with data obtained in recent prototype diagnostic tests. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147917
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grid-controlled plasma cathodes (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 57 (1985), S. 709-713 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Experiments are described on a plasma cathode with biased grids to prevent entry of ions into the electron extraction gap. The cathode has potential applications to the generation of high-current pulsed electron beams. Operation at 20 A/cm2 is theoretically possible. The source combines the low average power consumption of a plasma cathode with many of the attractive features of thermionic cathodes, such as space-charge-limited extractor gap electron flow, fast turn-on, and no diode closure. Initial experiments are reported at the 2 A/cm2 level for pulse lengths to 160 μs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.335479
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced sperm motility in the isthmus of the rabbit oviduct (1975)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 258 (1975), S. 718-719 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Thirty-six New Zealand White does were each mated with three or four bucks. Six does were killed at 1.5, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12-h post coitus by intravenous overdose of sodium pentabarbitone (Nembutal, Abbott). Haemostats were clamped across the utero-tubal and isthmo-ampullary junctions of the oviduct ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/258718a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfur and hydrogen isotope anomalies in organic compounds from the Murchison meteorite (1996)
    Springer
    Origins of life and evolution of the biospheres 26 (1996), S. 213-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0875
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459719
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The motility of rabbit spermatozoa recovered from the female reproductive tract (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 2 (1979), S. 35-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: activated motility ; temperature dependence of motility ; sperm transport ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The motility of rabbit spermatozoa recovered from the vagina, endocervix, uterus, and four regions of the oviduct was assessed visually by phase-contrast microscopy at intervals from one minute to 16 hours after a single mating. The percentage of motile cells in each sample was dependent on the temperature of recovery, ie, 23° vs 37°C, but was not influenced by the temperature of observation. Spermatozoa in the lower isthmus of the oviduct were the most temperature sensitive population to recovery at 23°C. When all manipulations and observations were performed at 37°C, the percentage of spermatozoa with progressive motility varied according to the region sampled and interval after mating. Populations from the vagina, uterus and upper regions of the oviduct usually had a high proportion of progressively motile cells with vigorous flagellar activity. Fewer spermatozoa showed progressive movement on recovery from the endocervix and lower 2 cm of the tubal isthmus and their flagellar activity was generally depressed. The decrease in flagellar beat frequency noted in the latter regions may be a major factor limiting sperm ascent in the female tract. A unique pattern of “activated” motility was seen exclusively in populations taken from the oviducts at 6 to 16 hours after mating. This motility pattern, consisting of alternating episodes of linear progressive and vigorous nonprogressive movement, may be analogous to the activated motility described for capacitated rodent spermatozoa.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120020105
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilization in vivo and in vitro of the spermatozoon head and tail to detachment induced by primary amine, thiol, and detergent (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 7 (1983), S. 277-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: sperm head/tail junction ; aldimine bonds ; sperm head detachment ; head/tail stabilization ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Rabbit spermatozoa recovered from the reproductive tract of females 12-13 hr postcoitum resisted head/tail separation induced by n-butylamine and dithiothreitol, but not sodium dodecylsulfate. Stabilization of the sperm head/tail junction also developed in vitro at 37°C in physiological media and in saline-Tris-HCl (pH 7.4). Resistance to dithiothreitol occurred in motile, but not immotile spermatozoa. Only nonmotile spermatozoa developed resistance to sodium dodecylsulfate in vitro, whereas both motile and immotile spermatozoa became resistant to n-butylamine. Stabilization to n-butylamine was time and temperature dependent and was accelerated by Cu2+, Mg2+, and Zn2+, but not Mn2+. The resistance of hamster and rabbit spermatozoa to n-butylamine developed in physiological media over the same time intervals as required for capacitation and the acquisition of hyperactivated motility.Reagents that react with sulfhydryl groups had no effect on the development of resistance to n-butylamine but inhibited stabilization to sodium dodecylsulfate, suggesting that the latter stabilization may result from the formation of disulfide crosslinks at the head/tail junction. Reduction of aldehyde groups by sodium cyanoborohydride did not prevent stabilization to sodium dodecylsulfate, but did reduce detachment by dithiothreitol. Aldehyde groups thus are not involved in the stabilization of the head/tail junction to sodium dodecylsulfate, but may participate in new crosslinks stabilizing the head/tail junction to dithiothreitol. Inhibitors of transglutaminase did not prevent development of resistance to n-butylamine, sodium dodecylsulfate, or dithiothreitol indicating that head/tail stabilization does not involve intermolecular γ-glutamyl-∊-dysine bonds.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120070309
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