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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cardiac Responses Associated with “Yoked-Chair” Shock Avoidance in Squirrel Monkeys (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 12 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: While functional cardiac changes and myocardial pathology have been associated with shock avoidance, whether these effects arc due to shock alone or other aspects of the avoidance situation has not been determined. With 6 groups of “yoked-chair” squirrel monkeys. electrocadiogram, blood pressure, and myocardial pathology were studied. Each avoidance monkey was paired with a yoked monkey which could not cope with shock and received each delivered to the avoidance monkey. The effect of this stress was observed in 5 of 6 yoked monkeys u physical deterioration and severe bradycardia with ventricular arrest, but no significant myocardial necrology. With one exception, paired avoidance monkeys showed no effect of stress. Since previous research has shown that the avoidance situation induces a sympathetic activation which is manifested as myofibrillar degeneration and the present in experiment demonulraled that the yoked situation elicits a parasympathetic-like response and bradycardia with ventricular arrests. cardiac response to the stress of shock avoidance varies depending on whether it occurred in the avoidance or yoked situation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00021.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myocardial Dysfunction and Pathology Associated with Environmental Stress in Squirrel Monkey: Effect of Vagotomy and Propranolol (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 16 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: The influence of autonomic innervation on stress-induced cardiomyopathy and heart rate changes was analyzed by selective removal of parasympathetic and sympathetic myocardial inputs. Squirrel monkeys with bilateral cervical vagotomy or β-adrenergic receptors blocked by propranolol were studied in shock stress and restraint situations. Because propranolol reduced stress-induced lesions and tachycardia, enhanced sympathetic β-receptor activity was considered responsible for these effects in intact monkeys. No role for increased parasympathetic activity in myocardial pathology was indicated. Enhanced sympathetic activity was also implicated by lesions and tachycardia of vagotomy monkeys. However, vagotomy alone induced myocardial pathology and confounded the effects of shock stress. Stress-induced cardiac arrest in both vagotomy and propranolol monkeys was observed. An imbalance of either autonomic input was suggested to be responsible for this dysfunction. Thus, autonomic innervation was involved in stress-induced cardiomyopathy and heart rate changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1979.tb01520.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myocardial Degeneration and Cardiac Arrest in Squirrel Monkey: Physiological and Psychological Correlates (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 14 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Behavioral factors and cardiovascular changes associated with myocardial degeneration and cardiac arrest induced by shock avoidance stress were studied. Pairs of avoidance and yoked squirrel monkeys were exposed to a 24-hr session. Myocardial degeneration and cardiac arrest were more readily induced in avoidance than yoked monkeys. The cardiac lesions were not related to body weight, aggressive behavior, or number of shocks received during stress, but an increased heart rate without hypertension during the first stress hour was more evident in avoidance than yoked monkeys. These cardiac changes were attributed to an autonomic disturbance associated with the response contingencies of the avoidance situation. An autonomic effect also appeared to be involved with stress-induced death. These deaths were characterized by a sudden, severe bradycardia without initial hypotension and cardiac arrest which was attributed to either parasympathetic activation or sympathetic inhibition. While heart rate decreased in all monkeys, stress-induced death followed only in monkeys which gave up and stopped contending with the stress. Thus, stress-induced myocardial changes and death were related to autonomic disturbances precipitated by psychological stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1977.tb01186.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogenesis of corticotropes and lactotropes in situ in the pituitary gland of the hamster (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 245 (1986), S. 673-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; ACTH cells ; PRL cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Development ; Mesocricetus auratus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of corticotropes and lactotropes was investigated in the golden Syrian hamster using an anti-porcine ACTH antiserum and a homologous antihamster PRL antiserum. Oval corticotropes were first visible in the ventral region of the pars distalis at 13 days of gestation. By the end of gestation, corticotropes were found throughout the pars distalis and in the pars intermedia. Corticotropes in the pars distalis of postnatal hamsters were either round or irregularly-shaped, often appearing in clusters. Throughout development, corticotropes often appeared to be surrounding other cells. Scarce, very small lactotropes were first observed in the pars distalis of hamsters on the first postnatal day. The number of these cells, which were either round or polyhedral, increased dramatically between 4 and 20 days of postnatal life. These observations indicate that the sequence of appearance of corticotropes and lactotropes in the hamster is similar to that in other species and that lactotropes are confined to the pars distalis of postnatal hamsters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218571
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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