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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural variation in cardiac metabolism and gene expression in Fundulus heteroclitus (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 37 (2005), S. 67-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Individual variation in gene expression is important for evolutionary adaptation and susceptibility to diseases and pathologies. In this study, we address the functional importance of this variation by comparing cardiac metabolism to patterns of mRNA expression using microarrays. There is extensive ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1483
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation in gene expression within and among natural populations (2002)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 32 (2002), S. 261-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Evolution may depend more strongly on variation in gene expression than on differences between variant forms of proteins. Regions of DNA that affect gene expression are highly variable, containing 0.6% polymorphic sites. These naturally occurring polymorphic nucleotides can alter in vivo ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng983
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional Analyses of Natural Variation in Sp1 Binding Sites of a TATA-Less Promoter (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 49 (1999), S. 736-749 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key Words: Binding affinities — phylogeny — evolutionary adaptation — transcription
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Within the lactate dehydrogenase-B (LdhB) proximal promoter is a region with multiple in vivo footprinted sites that resembles the binding site for the transcription factor SP1. Like many sequences that regulate transcription rate, these Sp1 binding sites are well conserved among species of the teleost fish Fundulus. The only exception is in the northern population of F. heteroclitus, where there are many changes in the Sp1 binding sites. These changes affect footprinting patterns, measures of promoter strength, and are associated with the adaptive increase in Ldh-B transcription rates. Reported here is data that demonstrates that Fundulus hepatocyctes have an SP1-like protein; in comparison to human SP1 protein, it has similar specificity and size and a greater affinity for the consensus Sp1 site. This Fundulus hepatocyte SP1-like protein as well as the human SP1 protein binds the Ldh-B Sp1 sites. Sequence variation in the northern Sp1 region eliminates the ``preferred'' Sp1 binding site, yet these northern Sp1 sites have significantly greater affinity for the SP1 protein than either the Sp1 sites from southern F. heteroclitus (∼ 1.6-fold) or the consensus Sp1 site (GGGCGG; ∼ 1.8-fold). Furthermore, the Ldh-B Sp1 sites also bind non-SP1 proteins, and the extent of binding is affected by the sequence variation in the proximal promoter. These data suggest that natural variation in Sp1 sites affect binding of transcription factors and may effect a modest change in transcription rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006596
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human reference sequence makes sense of names (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 447 (2007), S. 142-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir Most journals, including Nature, require authors to annotate a new entity (a gene, protein or loci, for example) with references to a standard database. However, journals do not require references to standard databases for discoveries of functions or diseases associated ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/447142b
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of recruitment by individual scouts inFormica oreas Wheeler (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) (1983)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 177-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Chaque fourmi éclaireuse est capable de communiquer la disponibilité, le lieu et la qualité des ressources trouvées. Les fourmis ouvrières recrutées peuvent, pour récolter ces ressources, reconnaître les différences des stimuli de recrutement de chaque éclaireuse et y répondre. D'une manière significative, davantage d'ouvrières suivent le chemin de l'éclaireuse qui a trouvé la source de nourriture la plus riche. Ces résultats suggèrent que le recrutement dans les colonies de fourmis est déterminé par les ouvrières recrutées qui «savent analyser» les stimuli de recrutement des fourmis éclaireuses revenant à la fourmilière.
    Notes: Summary Individual scouts ofFormica oreas are capable of communicating resource availability, location and quality to nest mates. Recruited foragers can perceive and respond to differences in recruitment stimuli of individual scouts. Significantly more workers followed the path of an individual scout from a more rewarding food source than from a less rewarding food source. These findings suggest recruitment in ant colonies is regulated by recruited workers “weighing” recruitment stimuli of scouts returning from numerous areas about the nest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223867
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Profiles of nuclear and mitochondrial encoded mRNAs in developing and quiescent embryos of Artemia franciscana (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 158 (1996), S. 139-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: actin ; anoxia ; Artemia ; cytochrome c oxidase ; messenger RNA ; transcription
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana are able to withstand long bouts of environmental anoxia by entering a quiescent state during which metabolism is greatly depressed. Recent evidence supports a global arrest of protein synthesis during quiescence. In this study we measured the amounts of mRNA for a mitochondrial-encoded subunit of cytochrome c oxidase (COX I) and for nuclear-encoded actin during aerobic development, anaerobiosis, and aerobic acidosis (artificial quiescence imposed by intracellular acidification under aerobic conditions). The levels of both COX I and actin transcripts increased significantly during aerobic development. COX I mRNA levels were tightly correlated with previous measures of COX catalytic activity, which suggests that COX synthesis could be regulated by message concentration during aerobic development. The ontogenetic increase for these mRNAs was blocked by anoxia and aerobic acidosis. Importantly, the levels of COX I and actin mRNA did not decline appreciably during the 6 h bouts of quiescence, even though protein synthesis is acutely arrested by these same treatments. Thus, the constancy of mRNA levels during quiescence indicate that reduced protein synthesis is not caused by message limitation, but rather, is likely controlled at the translational level. One advantage of this regulatory mechanism is the conservation of mRNA molecules during quiescence, which would potentially favor a quick resumption of translation as soon as oxygen is returned to the embryos. Finally, because anoxia and aerobic acidosis are both characterized by acidic intracellular pH, the reduction in pH may serve, directly or indirectly, as one signal regulating levels of mRNA in this embryo during quiescence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225840
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid enzyme assays investigating the variation in the glycolytic pathway in field-caught populations ofFundulus heteroclitus (1994)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 32 (1994), S. 315-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: glycolysis ; enzyme expression ; maximal enzyme activity ; Fundulus heteroclitus ; microplate reader
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Variation in enzyme expression may be important in evolutionary adaptation, yet is seldom studied. Furthermore, no studies have examined the expression of all enzymes in a defined metabolic pathway. Enzyme concentration is a measure of enzyme expression and was ascertained by assaying maximal activity. Presented here is an analysis of variation of maximal enzyme activity for all the enzymes in a single metabolic pathway, glycolysis, from three clinically distributed populations of the fish,Fundulus heteroclitus. Techniques for rapidly analyzing maximal enzyme activity for all the enzymes of an entire metabolic pathway from many individuals are described. The high degree of repeatability (mean coefficient of variation for replicates, 4.4%) and sensitivity (less than 3 mg of tissue is required to measure all 10 enzymes) of these assays demonstrate the utility of such an approach for analyzing variation among populations for a large numbers of enzymes. Results from these studies indicate that (1) the average coefficient of variation for all enzyme determinations within a population is 45.3% and (2) between populations, the activity of 5 of the 10 glycolytic enzymes are significantly different. This considerable variation occurs even in populations where there is little allelic variation. These data demonstrating substantial variation in enzyme expression support the idea that changes in gene regulation may be as important as, or even more important than, changes in biochemical kinetic parameters in evolutionary processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00554179
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid enzyme assays investigating the variation in the glycolytic pathway in field-caught populations ofFundulus heteroclitus (1994)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 32 (1994), S. 315-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: glycolysis ; enzyme expression ; maximal enzyme activity ; Fundulus heteroclitus ; microplate reader
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Variation in enzyme expression may be important in evolutionary adaptation, yet is seldom studied. Furthermore, no studies have examined the expression of all enzymes in a defined metabolic pathway. Enzyme concentration is a measure of enzyme expression and was ascertained by assaying maximal activity. Presented here is an analysis of variation of maximal enzyme activity for all the enzymes in a single metabolic pathway, glycolysis, from three clinically distributed populations of the fish,Fundulus heteroclitus. Techniques for rapidly analyzing maximal enzyme activity for all the enzymes of an entire metabolic pathway from many individuals are described. The high degree of repeatability (mean coefficient of variation for replicates, 4.4%) and sensitivity (less than 3 mg of tissue is required to measure all 10 enzymes) of these assays demonstrate the utility of such an approach for analyzing variation among populations for a large numbers of enzymes. Results from these studies indicate that (1) the average coefficient of variation for all enzyme determinations within a population is 45.3% and (2) between populations, the activity of 5 of the 10 glycolytic enzymes are significantly different. This considerable variation occurs even in populations where there is little allelic variation. These data demonstrating substantial variation in enzyme expression support the idea that changes in gene regulation may be as important as, or even more important than, changes in biochemical kinetic parameters in evolutionary processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02426894
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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