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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phylogeny of Sphingomonas species that degrade pentachlorophenol (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 23 (1999), S. 320-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords: Sphingomonas; pentachlorophenol; systematics; phylogeny; Flavobacterium
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Four pentachlorophenol (PCP)-degrading bacteria isolated from geographically diverse areas have been examined in detail as regards their physiology and phylogeny. According to traditional biochemical methods, these strains had been classified as members of the genera Arthrobacter, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Sphingomonas. The PCP degradation pathway has been studied extensively in Sphingomonas (Flavobacterium) sp strain ATCC 39723 and the first three degradation steps catalyzed by a PCP-4-monooxygenase (PcpB) and a reductive dehalogenase (PcpC) that functions twice are well established. A fourth step appears to involve ring-fission of the aromatic nucleus (PcpA). Molecular analyses revealed that the PCP degradation pathway in these four strains was rather conserved, leading to a phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA. The results revealed a much closer phylogenetic relationship between these organisms than traditional classification indicated, placing them into the more recently established genus Sphingomonas where they may even represent a single species. With 16S rDNA analysis, many bacterial isolates involved in degradation of xenobiotic compounds that were previously classified into diverse genera have been reclassified into the genus Sphingomonas.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900729
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of light on the accumulation of abscisic acid and expression of an early cysteine-labeled metallothionein gene in microspores of Triticum aestivum during induced embryogenic development (1997)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 16 (1997), S. 458-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Abscisic acid ; Anther culture ; Light ; Metallothionein ; Pollen embryogenesis ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A cloned cDNA to the wheat (Triticum aestivum) early cysteine-labeled metallothionein has many characteristics of a molecular marker for pollen embryogenesis in this plant. This transcript was not detected in uninucleate microspores at the time of culture or in pollen at any stage during normal ontogeny; its mRNA did begin to increase in embryogenic microspores within 6 h of culture, peaked at around 24 h, declined, then leveled off through the 21-day-old embryoid stage. Additionally, the accumulation of the embryoid-abundant EcMt gene transcript showed a direct and positive correlation with an increase of ABA in embryogenic microspores and developing pollen embryoids. Irradiating cultures with high intensity white light or with far-red, or blue light, suppressed EcMt transcript accumulation and the ability of microspores to form embryoids; however, light did not affect ABA concentrations during the early stages of culture. These results suggest that although a promoter of pollen embryogenesis in bread wheat, ABA alone cannot maintain the sporophytic differentiation of microspores subjected to inhibitory regimes of light in vitro. Whether or not light acts directly or indirectly in suppressing EcMt gene expression and pollen embryogenesis remains unknown.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01092766
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of light on the accumulation of abscisic acid and expression of an early cysteine-labeled metallothionein gene in microspores ofTriticum aestivum during induced embryogenic development (1997)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 16 (1997), S. 458-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Schlagwort(e): Abscisic acid ; Anther culture ; Light ; Metallothionein ; Pollen embryogenesis ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A cloned cDNA to the wheat (Triticum aestivum) early cysteine-labeled metallothionein has many characteristics of a molecular marker for pollen embryogenesis in this plant. This transcript was not detected in uninucleate microspores at the time of culture or in pollen at any stage during normal ontogeny; its mRNA did begin to increase in embryogenic microspores within 6 h of culture, peaked at around 24 h, declined, then leveled off through the 21-day-old embryoid stage. Additionally, the accumulation of the embryoid-abundant EcMt gene transcript showed a direct and positive correlation with an increase of ABA in embryogenic microspores and developing pollen embryoids. Irradiating cultures with high intensity white light or with far-red, or blue light, suppressed EcMt transcript accumulation and the ability of microspores to form embryoids; however, light did not affect ABA concentrations during the early stages of culture. These results suggest that although a promoter of pollen embryogenesis in bread wheat, ABA alone cannot maintain the sporophytic differentiation of microspores subjected to inhibitory regimes of light in vitro. Whether or not light acts directly or indirectly in suppressing EcMt gene expression and pollen embryogenesis remains unknown.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01092766
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) transformation by clostridia isolated from a munition-fed bioreactor: comparison with non-adapted bacteria (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 18 (1997), S. 82-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords: anaerobic TNT degradation; clostridia; enteric bacteria; lactobacilli
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Several bacterial strains were examined for their ability to degrade the nitroaromatic explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). The strains examined included various clostridial strains isolated from a 4-year-old munition enrichment, related clostridial strains obtained from a culture collection, two enteric bacteria, and three lactobacilli. All Clostridium species tested were able to reduce TNT rapidly in a complex medium. In cell suspension experiments, these strains were also able to reduce 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene (DANT) to 2,4,6-triaminotoluene (TAT) and to produce a compound that is not yet identified; thus, they could not be distinguished from one another with regard to the pathway of transformation. The enteric strains and the lactobacilli were able to perform the initial reduction of TNT, but none was capable of reducing DANT in cell suspensions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900257
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Microbial transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 18 (1997), S. 89-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords: 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene; TNT; biodegradation; bioremediation; munitions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The manufacture and decommissioning of explosives has generated, and continues to generate, large quantities of waste material whose primary toxic and mutagenic component is 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). The magnitude of this problem has motivated a great deal of research into treatment processes and environmental fate studies, including characterization of microbial transformations of TNT. This work has encompassed studies with mixed cultures and pure cultures of microorganisms derived from either TNT-exposed or unexposed sources, and studies using microorganisms chosen for their known capacities to degrade other pollutants. Several of these studies are discussed with regard to whether they identified a process that may lead to the complete detoxification or mineralization of TNT. Since oxygen can have a significant influence on the types of biochemical reactions that can occur and on the oxidation of intermediates of TNT transformation processes, studies in which oxygen was not excluded are discussed separately from studies conducted under anaerobic conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900258
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization ofClostridium bifermentans and its biotransformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 1,3,5-triaza-1,3,5-trinitrocyclohexane (RDX) (1994)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 16 (1994), S. 1081-1086 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Summary We have determined that an organism able to degrade both RDX and TNT in a pure culture is a strain ofClostridium bifermentans. The consortium from which this organism is derived also degrades these compounds, and we suspect thatC. bifermentans is also the responsible organism within that consortium. The bioconversion of RDX and TNT occurs under anaerobic conditions both in the consortium and in pure culture without the need of an added reductant. The presence of co-metabolites speeded these biotransformations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01022407
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