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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 26 (1978), S. 503-504 
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 46 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Taste panel scores, Instron measurements, and thiamin, fat, and moisture contents from microwave and conventionally cooked baking hens, injected with distilled water and papain solution (0.001 and 0.002%) were determined. Moisture, fat, and thiamin contents and cooking losses were not significantly affected by treatment. For papain injected samples, Instron measurements were less than those for uninjected samples when fibers were separated against the grain. Papain injected samples were more tender and mealier than uninjected samples. Roast chicken flavor was unaffected, but off-flavor increased in the papain-injected samples. Generally, cooking methods did not affect sensory scores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 45 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Top round steaks were cooked by dry or moist heat in conventional or microwave ovens with rotary hearths. Gardner color-difference values and final temperature data demonstrated that a steak is heated more evenly by conventional, dry heat than by conventional moist or by microwave dry or moist heat. Cooking time, volatile cooking losses, total moisture, and sensory juiciness and tenderness scores were less (P 〈 0.001), whereas total and drip cooking losses (P 〈 0.001) and ether extract (P 〈 0.05) were more for steaks cooked by microwaves than for conventionally cooked steaks. Cooking time was greater (P 〈 0.001), but total and drip cooking losses were less (P 〈 0.001) for steaks cooked by dry heat than for those cooked by moist heat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Conclusions Six-bird groups of bobwhites in large pens exhibited significantly more movement than did corresponding pairs of bobwhites in small pens, indicating a need to standarize pen and bird-group sizes in EPA small pen tests if results are to be comparable. Although in this study we did not detect any statistically significant differences in activity levels of bobwhites attributable to pen or bird-group size, the fact that the activity of pairs of bobwhites in small pens were consistently higher than those of 6-bird groups in larger pens reinforces the need to standardize pen and bird-group sizes in EPA small-pen tests. High er levels of aggression noted in the 6-bird groups compared with the 2-bird groups further substantiate this need. Additionally, the all-male 6-bird groups traveled significantly less distance than did male-female 6-bird groups, suggesting the need to also standardize sex combinations of birds used in EPA small pen tests. Dietary levels did not appear to affect either activity levels or movements of birds. Therefore this study produced no data to support the need to standardize dietary levels provided birds used in EPA small pen tests. Additional research is needed to separate the effect of group size and pen size on bird activity and movements before these parameters are standardized in EPA small pen test protocol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Conclusions Weight gains by bobwhites during simulated EPA small pen tests showed that a diet providing 140% of the existence energy requirement of bobwhites was too much and that a diet providing only existence energy needs might be adequate for males or females in 4 X 5-ft pens. Carcasses of males had less ether-extractable fat than carcasses of females. Egg laying by female bobwhites added variability to the body weight and body fat data, and made it difficult to interpret. Because of high fat levels in female bobwhites and the periodic elimination of fat via egg production, female bobwhites may not be appropriate experimental animals for EPA small pen tests involving fat-soluble pesticides. Data from this study and our earlier one (Morrow et al. 1980) support the need to develop standardized experimental conditions for EPA small pen tests before they are used to evaluate the hazards to wildlife of various pesticidal compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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