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Toxicity of halogenated hydrocarbons in pretreated rats — an experimental model for the study of integrated permissible limits of environmental poisons (1981)

Danni, O. ; Brossa, O. ; Burdino, E. ; [et al.]

Springer

International archives of occupational and environmental health 49 (1981), S. 165-176

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ISSN: 1432-1246

Keywords: Environmental pollution ; Halogenocompounds ; Interactions ; Hepatotoxicity ; Toxicological model

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Summary The heavy use and the severe toxicity of several halogenocompounds render these pollutants very important agents in occupational and environmental pathology. Both the biological conditions and the environment by itself might influence their metabolism and then the degree of the resulting toxic effects. The present investigation extends the most significant parameters in toxicity studies to a number of largely diffused halogenocompounds, with special regard to a possible potentiation through the coexistence of other pollutants or by inducing treatments, such as isopropanol or phenobarbital administration. Chloroform by itself elicits toxic effects which are influenced by isopropanol challenge. Halothane and trichloroethylene appear devoid of any intrinsic poisonous action on the liver, and cause hepatic injury only in phenobarbital treated rats. In our experimental conditions, bromobenzene, fluobrene® and dichloromethane do not produce any detectable alteration in the liver. On the contrary, both isopropanol and phenobarbital render the rat particularly susceptible to the toxic effects of CCl4. In fact, treatment with alcohol reduces by two orders of magnitude the vapour concentration of the poison which causes liver necrosis and fatty infiltration, while dosing with barbiturate reduces to one tenth the effective dose of CCl4. which leads to fatty liver. These data underline the importance of the possible interaction between the halogenocompounds and the environmental factors or individual habits. Further, they clearly suggest the necessity of taking into account these experimental conditions in setting the maximum permissible limits (MAC or TLV) of halogenocompounds in the environment.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377670

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Change of liver metabolism of 1,2-dibromoethane during simultaneous treatment with carbon tetrachloride (1993)

Chiarpotto, E. ; Biasi, F. ; Aragno, M. ; [et al.]

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Cell Biochemistry and Function 11 (1993), S. 71-75

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ISSN: 0263-6484

Keywords: 1,2-Dibromoethane (DBE) ; carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) ; synergistic effect ; liver toxicity ; metabolic interactions ; covalent binding ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: The combination of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and 1,2-dibromoethane (DBE) in isolated rat hepatocytes led to a significant potentiation of both lipid peroxidation and of plasma membrane damage observed after a single treatment with CCl4. Such a synergistic effect appeared to be related to the CCl4-induced shift of DBE metabolism from the cytosolic conjugation with glutathione towards the microsomal transformation into toxic intermediates. In fact, CCl4 significantly inactivated hepatocyte total GSH-transferase, i.e. the DBE detoxification pathway. Furthermore, while the microsomal metabolism of CCl4 was not affected by the simultaneous presence of DBE, the amount of DBE reactive metabolities covalently bound to hepatocyte protein was significantly enhanced in the presence of CCl4.

Additional Material: 3 Ill.