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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An improved timm sulphide silver method for light and electron microscopic localization of heavy metals in biological tissues (1978)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 55 (1978), S. 27-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Modifications of the Timm sulphide silver method for the demonstration of heavy metals are described. To improve the structural preservation of the tissues perfusion with a glutaraldehyde fixative is employed before perfusion with the sodium sulphide solution. For the subsequent staining for light and electron microscopy, procedures for plastic embedding, paraffin embedding and cryostat sectioning are presented. Examples from several tissues are shown, including the pituitary, pancreas, intestine, tongue, kidney, testis and brain. The staining of autolytic, postmortal human brain tissue is demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00496691
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (1995)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 104 (1995), S. 145-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Silver staining techniques developed to demonstrate argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NORs) have been widely applied in a variety of cell kinetic studies, using the mean number of AgNORs in tumour cells as a marker for malignancy of certain types of neoplasms. However, the AgNOR techniques currently available are not entirely satisfactory, as unspecific silver precipitates readily form in the sections. On the other hand, the contrast staining, may be so weak as to render identification of the AgNORs difficult. In the present study, some of the key factors influencing the outcome of AgNOR staining were evaluated in a more systematic way. A modified AgNOR staining procedure is now proposed, giving highly contrasting AgNORs with minimal unspecific silver precipitation, thus facilitating both manual and computerized counting. The new technique involves the use of microwave irradiation in order to shorten the processing time, the use of gelatin as a protective colloid, and a Farmer's solution to optimize the specificity of the technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01451573
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of oxine and alloxan on the sulfide silver stainability of the rat brain (1972)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 30 (1972), S. 307-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adult albino rats were injected intraperitoneally with oxine and alloxan in doses ranging from 100 to 400 mg per kg body weight. Two minutes to several hours following injection the animals were killed by vascular perfusion with buffered sodium sulfide and the brains immediately removed and frozen. Cryostat sections were prepared and stained according to Timm's procedure. A few animals were injected intracerebrally. In contrast to earlier reports by others it was found, under appropriate conditions, that oxine markedly reduced the staining of most parts of the neuropil of the forebrain while alloxan had no effect on the sulfide silver picture at all.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279779
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of intravital chelation with dimercaprol, calcium disodium edetate, 1-10-phenantroline and 2,2′-dipyridyl on the sulfide silver stainability of the rat brain (1973)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 37 (1973), S. 321-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dimercaprol, calcium disodium edetate, 1-10-phenantroline and 2,2′-dipyridyl were injected intraperitoneally in adult albino rats in doses ranging from 10 to 1500 mg per kg body weight. Ten animals were injected intracerebrally. At various survival times (2 minutes to several hours) their effects on the staining pattern of heavy metals as revealed by the sulfide silver method of Timm were determined. EDTA was virtually ineffective while dimercaprol, phenantroline and dipyridyl reduced the staining in many regions of the brain. A noteworthy effect of phenantroline was that it reduced the staining of a cortical area, corresponding remarkably well in extent, shape and location to the neocortical somatosensory area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274968
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavy metals in the spinal cord of normal rats and of animals treated with chelating agents: A quantitative (Zinc, copper, and lead) and histochemical study (1978)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 56 (1978), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The amounts of zinc, copper, and lead in the rat spinal cord were determined by means of flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Zinc was present in a concentration about 100 p.p.m. (dry weight), copper in a concentration about 5 p.p.m., and lead in slightly more than 1 p.p.m. Analysis of various levels along the cranio-caudal axis of the rat spinal cord revealed differences in the heavy metal content. The Timm sulfide silver staining method has demonstrated that metals in the spinal cord have a distinct regional distribution. To obtain a differentiation between the stainable metals, the effects of six chelating agents (DEDTC, dithizone, oxine, EDTA, dipyridyl, and phenantroline) on the Timm pattern were tested. EDTA left the pattern unchanged, while the other compounds showed individual differences in their influence on the Timm pattern, suggesting that the heavy metal pattern of the spinal cord consists of multiple compartments. The effect of intravital multiple low dose treatment with three of the chelating agents on the histochemical pattern and the metal content of the spinal cord was also investigated. It was found that a decrease in the metal content was not followed by reduction of stainability and vice versa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00492249
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of intravital dithizone treatment on the timm sulfide silver pattern of rat brain (1971)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 27 (1971), S. 290-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adult albino rats were given single intraperitoneal injections of dithizone in doses from 50 to 200 mg per kg body weight. After intervals of 5 minutes to 28 days, the animals were killed by vascular perfusion with buffered sodium suifide. Cryostat sections of the brains were prepared and stained according to Timm's procedure. The dithizone treatment after appropriate doses and time intervals virtually prevented the sulfide silver staining of the mossy fiber system and most other parts of the neuropil in the forebrain. The staining of cytoplasmic granules normally associated with neuronal somata throughout the brain, of capillaries, ependyma, and choroid plexus was not unequivocally affected. The results support the idea that the sulfide silver staining throughout most of the forebrain neuropil is due to the presence of metals. The failure of the dithizone treatment to prevent the staining of other parts of the sulfide silver pattern is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305330
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Depletion of metal in the rat hippocampal mossy fibre system by intravital chelation with dithizone (1971)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 28 (1971), S. 211-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adult albino rats were given dithizone by repeated intraperitoneal injections followed by a standard test dose. After a standard interval of 15 or 60 minutes the animals were killed by vascular perfusion with a buffered acidified formaldehyde solution. The brains were immediately removed, frozen, and cut at a constant thickness of 160 microns on a freezing microtome. The red stain of metal dithizonate known to be particularly marked in the hippocampal mossy fibre system was observed and recorded by a technique based on photography of sections. It was found that dithizone in doses of 25 mg per kg body weight, injected hourly for 12 hours prevented the dithizone staining of the mossy fibre system caused by the test dose in control animals. The result is interpreted as evidence of true depletion of metal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305675
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC) on sulphide silver stained boutons reversible blocking of Timm's sulphide silver stain for “heavy” metals in DEDTC treated rats (Light Microscopy) (1973)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 16 (1973), S. 521-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Diethyldithiocarbamate ; Trace metals ; Boutons ; Forebrain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adult albino rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of diethyidithiocarbamate (DEDTC) in doses from 7 to 1000 mg per kg body weight and sacrificed by vascular perfusion with buffered sodium sulphide 5 min to several days after DEDTC treatment. Sections of the brains were cut on a cryostat and stained with a physical developer (Timm's method). Intravital DEDTC treatment prevented subsequent sulphide silver staining of the hippocampal mossy fibre boutons, other synaptic fields within the hippocampal region, the neuropil in the amygdala, and all other parts of the forebrain except the olfactory bulb and the islands of Calleja. This effect was virtually identical to that recently reported for another chelating agent, dithizone. The effect of a single injection is reversible and its magnitude and duration depend upon the dose. It is suggested that DEDTC combines with transition and group IIb metals present in specific synaptic boutons in the forebrain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234478
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of selenium on toxicity and ultrastructural localization of silver in cultured macrophages (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 61 (1987), S. 40-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Silver ; Selenium ; Toxicity ; Histochemical silver demonstration ; Macrophage culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of selenium on cellular toxicity and histochemical distribution of silver were examined in a cell culture system of mouse peritoneal macrophages. Selenium caused a significant delay in the appearance of coagulation necrosis induced by high silver concentrations and reduced the cytostatic effect of lower doses of silver when long-term toxicity was examined. Furthermore, selenium increased the amount of silver that could be visualized by autometallography. The additional silver made available for this histochemical demonstration was located in the cytosol as well as in lysosomes, the sole localization of silver when selenium was not administered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00324546
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of heavy metals in the hippocampal region of the guinea pig (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 147 (1974), S. 441-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hippocampus ; Guinea pig ; Heavy metals ; Chemoarchitectonics ; Sulfide silver method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary With the present modification of Timm's sulfide silver method all parts of the hippocampal region show a distinctly stratified staining pattern, suggesting large regional differences in the content of heavy metals. The stain is largely confined to distinct grains, partly associated with neuronal somata and partly dispersed in the neuropil. Work in progress supports the idea that the grains in the neuropil are synaptic boutons, as has been shown previously for the mossy fibre layer. The staining pattern has been compared in detail with the fields and layers of the hippocampal region as delineated by cyto- and fibroarchitectonics. Previous concepts of the subdivision of this cortical region are confirmed and supplemented. The sulfide silver pattern of the guinea pig hippocampal region is fundamentally similar to that of the rat. However, the entorhinal area, the regio inferior hippocampi, and the dentate area show notable differences in the staining pattern between the two species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307249
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