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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 7 (1972), S. 1249-1259 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract X-ray scattering from three polystyrene glasses and from a partially devitrified specimen has been measured. The intensity data are identical for quenched and slowly cooled atactic polystyrene but differ for isotactic polystyrene quenched to the glassy state. Radial Distribution Functions (RDF) exhibit five principal peaks centred at 1.5, 2.5, 5, 6, and 10Å for all of the glasses. A model RDF based on the published crystal structure is shown to compare well with the RDF obtained experimentally for devitrified isotactic polystyrene. On the basis of this model, peaks in the RDFs are assigned. It is shown that both inter- and intramolecular scattering contributes to the polystyrene RDF at distances beyond 3.7Å. The structure is dominated by steric interaction of the phenyl groups, affecting both chain conformation and molecular packing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 10 (1972), S. 2209-2222 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The rate at which PTFE transforms from the triclinic to the hexagonal phase has been measured under isothermal conditions. Samples in a series of decreasing density and crystallinity show increased isothermal rates of transformation. Observed kinetic data are interpreted on the basis of a modified Avrami-Johnson-Mehl treatment. A model for the transformation in which planes of helix-hand reversal propagate through the lattice is shown to fit the experimental results. The transformation rate is observed to be proportional to the total (001) surface area in the polytetrafluoroethylene specimens, suggesting that nucleation of the transformation takes place at grain boundaries.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 7 (1969), S. 2043-2050 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: This is the first paper of a series of reports concerning extended-chain crystals of flexible, linear high polymers. The general conditions for crystal growth are discussed. Polymer crystallization is described as a two-step process: nucleation of each crystallizing molecule to a folded-chain conformation, followed by an increase in fold length in a solid-state reorganization step. This reorganization step is enhanced in the case of polyethylene by crystallization at high temperature under elevated pressure. Mechanical deformation during crystallization is also able to produce extended-chain crystals. The most promising method, however, is crystallization during polymerization. Previous work on crystallization of polyethylene under elevated pressure is critically reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 7 (1969), S. 2051-2059 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A report on crystallization of polyethylene at elevated pressures to an extended-chain morphology is presented. The crystals have been characterized by electron microscopy and density determination. Pressure, supercooling (temperature), and crystallization time have been varied to find the best conditions for production of perfect crystals. At 10-30°C supercooling completely crystallized polyethylene was obtained between 4.5 and 7 kb crystallization pressure in 1-8 hr. Analysis of fracture surfaces of samples crystallized for different lengths of time shows an increase in size and number of crystal lamellae and an improvement of extended chain crystals in the early stages of crystallization. A further improvement of the less well crystallized material between the lamellae occurs after 15 min of crystallization time.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 7 (1969), S. 377-388 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The design of a differential thermal analysis apparatus for use at elevated pressure is described. Experiments on melting and crystallization of folded-chain crystals of polyethylene and poly(ethylene-butene-1) copolymer, and melting of extended-chain polyethylene crystals have been conducted at pressures up to 4200 bars. The precision in transition temperature measurement was ±1°C. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation predicts the melting point increase with pressure at atmospheric pressure to be 32.0°C/kb. The melting point depression due to copolymerization remained constant over the complete pressure range analyzed on the poly(ethylene-butene-1) used in this study. Crystallization of polyethylene is retarded at elevated pressures, and a 50% larger degree of supercooling is necessary at 5000 bars to give a crystallization rate equal to that observed at atmospheric pressure. The difference in melting point between folded-chain and extended-chain polyethylene increases from 8.4°C at 1 bar to 25.6°C at 3000 bars.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Letters 8 (1970), S. 855-859 
    ISSN: 0449-2986
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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