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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in axon fluorescence during activity: Molecular probes of membrane potential (1974)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 19 (1974), S. 1-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The fluorescence of dyes added to squid giant axons was studied during action potentials and voltage-clamp steps. One goal was to find fluorescence changes related to the increases in membrane conductance that underlie propagation. A second goal was to find large changes in fluorescence that would allow optical monitoring of membrane potential in neurons and other cells. Attempts were made to measure fluorescence changes using over 300 different fluorescent molecules and positive results were obtained with more than half of these. No evidence was found that would relate, any of the fluorescence changes to the increases in membrane conductance that accompany depolarization; most, instead, were correlated with the changes in membrane potential. The fluorescence changes of several dyes were relatively large; the largest changes during an action potential were 10−3 of the resting intensity. They could be measured with a signal-to-noise ratio of better than 10∶1 in a single sweep.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01869968
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in ANS and TNS fluorescence in giant axons fromLoligo (1974)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 15 (1974), S. 29-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Changes in the fluorescence of two N-arylaminonapthalenesulfonate dyes, ANS and TNS, were measured during the action potential and during voltage clamp steps in giant axons from the squid. We hoped to obtain information about alterations in membrane structure that occur during activity. The fluorescence changes of both dyes appeared to be closely related to membrane potential. ANS fluorescence changes were measured with the dye added to both sides of the membrane. The changes were opposite in sign and of comparable magnitude. Neither was related to membrane conductance. Using axons microinjected with TNS and illuminated with polarized quasi-monochromatic light, we were able to separate two polarization-dependent components of a fluorescence change. However, both of these were also potential-related and, therefore, gave no information about the structural basis of the conductance mechanisms. Previous suggestions that the fluorescence of these dyes is correlated with membrane conductance were therefore not confirmed. Possible explanations for this disparity are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01870080
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in absorption, fluorescence, dichroism, and birefringence in stained giant axons: Optical measurement of membrane potential (1977)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 33 (1977), S. 141-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The absorption, fluorescence, dichroism, and birefringence of stained squid axons were measured during action potentials and voltage clamp steps in an effort to find large optical signals that could be used to monitor membrane potential. Changes in all four optical properties were found that were linearly related to membrane potential and, with several new dyes, the signal-to-noise ratios were larger than any obtained previously. The problem of photodynamic damage was greatly diminished; with a merocyaninerhodanine dye, the photodynamic damage associated with intense light and the presence of oxygen was negligible. The absorption change obtained with this dye was relatively large; it could be measured with a signal-to-noise ratio of 100∶1 during a single action potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01869514
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical Recording of Impulses in Individual Neurones of an Invertebrate Central Nervous System (1973)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 246 (1973), S. 508-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Simultaneous measurement of fluorescence intensity (a) and membrane potential (b) in a nociceptive (N) cell of a leech segmental ganglion. In this single sweep there was an obvious fluorescence increase during the action potential. The vertical arrow to the right of the intensity trace in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/246508a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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