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  • 1
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in Asia and Africa, where hepatitis virus infection and exposure to specific liver carcinogens are prevalent. Although inactivation of some tumor suppressor genes such as p53 and p16INK4Ahas been identified, no known oncogene is ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 331 (1985), S. 117-118 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Dexamethasone ; Choline ; Hemicholinium-3 ; Synaptosomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dexamethasone (3–300 μmol/l) did not affect uptake of choline (1 μmol/l) by rat forebrain isolated nerve terminals (crude synaptosomal fraction). At concentrations which have been shown to increase choline uptake by rat superior cervical ganglion, dexamethasone had no effect on synaptosomal choline uptake at choline concentrations between 0.1 and 30 μmol/l, nor on choline uptake which had been partially inhibited either by hemicholinium-3 (0.1 μmol/l) or by reducing the NaCl concentration (0-140 mmol/l).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-4978
    Keywords: ATPase ; 26S proteasome ; programmed cell death ; regulators
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract There is extensive reprogramming of the ATPase regulators of the 26S proteasome before the programmed elimination of the abdominal intersegmental muscles (ISM) after eclosion in Manduca sexta [1]. This extensive ATPase reprogramming only occurs in ISM which are destined to die and not in flight muscle (FM). The MS73 ATPase also increases in the proleg retractor muscles which die at a developmentally different stage to ISM. The non-ATPase regulator S5a shows a similar increase to the ATPase regulators. We have cloned the Manduca SUG2 ATPase and shown that this ATPase is a component of the 26S proteasome. This ATPase shows a similar increase in concentration to the other ATPases in 26S proteasomes before muscle death. The SUG2 ATPase is also associated with other smaller complexes besides the 26S proteasome which act as activators of the 26S proteasome. Finally, in a yeast two-hybrid genetic screen we have identified a protein in human brain which interacts with the MS73 ATPase (and human S6). The interacting protein contains 6 ankyrin repeats and is co-immunoprecipitated with anti-MS73 antiserum after in vitro transcription/translation. The ankyrin repeat protein may interact with the MS73 ATPase as part of the substrate recognition process by the 26S proteasome. Many proteins degraded by the 26S proteasome contain ankyrin repeats, e.g. IkB and some cyclins: binding through ankyrin repeats to an ATPase regulator may complement protein ubiquitination and S5a binding as recognition signals by the 26S proteasome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-4978
    Keywords: activator complex ; ATPase ; 26S proteasome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Each 19S regulator of the 26S proteasome contains six ATPase subunits as well as many (〉14) non-ATPase protein subunits. The ATPase subunits have been detected in other complexes which may regulate transcription and possibly other cellular processes. The S10b (yeast SUG2 or human p42) and the S6′ (TBP1) ATPases have been found in an activator complex (modulator) prepared from bovine red cells. We have identified and partially characterised a similar activator from different human tissues (from soluble extracts of human brain, placenta and human embryonic kidney cells) and an insect: an activator is present in soluble extracts of abdominal intersegmental muscle from Manduca sexta. Activation is ATP and concentration dependent. There is no stimulation of human red cell-derived 20S proteasome by the Manduca activator ruling out 11S regulator in the preparations. Additionally, cross-species activation occurs: the Manduca activator increases the activity of rat skeletal muscle 26S proteasomes and the human placental activator similarly increases the activity of 26S proteasomes prepared from muscles from Manduca sexta. Finally, there is no evidence for other ATPases in the activator complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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