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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 36 (1971), S. 3160-3168 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 11 (1973), S. 345-352 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bifunctional arylcyanoacetic esters were oxidatively coupled to high molecular weight, colorless, amorphous polymers, soluble in common organic solvents. Brittle films were obtained by casting or compression molding. Thermal stability of the polymers is poor due to the weak C—C bond formed by oxidative coupling. Radical dissociation-recombination of this bond (evidenced by ESR) results in meso-dl equilibration, lowering the Tg of the polymers.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Im Temperaturbereich von 60 bis 100°C wird die radikalische Polymerisation von Styrol, Methylmethacrylat und Acrylnitril von α.α′-Dicyanodibenzylen ausgelöst, die in α-und α′-Stellung mit Ester-, Nitril-, Amid- oder Phenylgruppen disubstituiert sind. Bei 100 bis 110°C ist auch das α.α.α′.α′-Tetracarboxymethyldibenzyl aktiv. Vinylacetat und Vinylchlorid werden durch diese Initiatoren kaum polymerisiert.Fur die Polymerisation des Styrols wurden die Bruttogeschwindigkeitskonstanten Kp, für viele Dibenzyle und fur Peroxide vergleichbarer Aktivitat dilatornetrisch bestirnrnt. Norrnalerweise sind die Zeit-Urnsatz-Kurven rnit den Dibenzylen und den Peroxiden vergleichbar; das Tetracyanodibenzyl allerdings bewirkt nur eine unvollstandige Polymerisation.Der große Einfiuß von Substituenten in α-Stellung oder in den Phenylringen der Dibenzyle auf die Polymerisation des Styrols wird diskutiert. Dabei ist auch die Stereochernie wichtig. Die meso-Form des Dinitrildiesters ergibt eine 2.5- bis 3.5 ma1 schnellere Polyrnerisation als das dl-Isornere.Die Dissoziationsgeschwindigkeitskonstanten kd der Initiatoren wurden NMR-spektroskopisch aus der Linienbreite bestirnmt. Die Dinitrildiester sind gute Initiatoren, wahrend die α.α′-Dicyanodibenzyle rnit weiteren Nitril- oder Phenylgruppen in α- und α′-Stellung wenig geeignet sind. SchlieBlich wurde die 1.2-Addition einiger der Dibenzyle an Styrol im Ternperaturbereich von 120 bis 150°C rnit der Methode der chernisch induzierten KernPolarisation (CIDNP) untersucht.
    Notes: The radical polymerization of styrene, methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile is initiated by α.α′-dicyanodibenzyls α.α′-disubstituted with ester, nitrile, amide or phenyl groups in the temperature range 60 to 100°C and by α.α.α′.α′-tetracarboxymethyldibenzyl at 100 to 110°C. Vinylacetate and vinylchloride show a low reactivity.The overall polymerization rate constants Kp have been determined dilatometrically for styrene initiated by a large number of dibenzyls and comparable peroxides. The styrene polymerization curves are generally comparable with those of peroxides. A notable exception is tetracyanodibenzyl.The strong influence of α- and ring-substituents in the dibenzyls on the styrene polymerization rate is discussed. The stereochemistry is also important : the meso α.α′-dicyanodibenzyls α.α′-disubstituted with ester groups give a 2.5 to 3.5 fold faster polymerization than their dl isomers.The initiator efficiency is related to the kd values, determined from NMR line width measurements. The α.α′- dicyanodibenzyls α.α′-disubstituted with ester groups are good initiators, while those with phenyl groups and nitrile groups are inefficient.Relevant to initiation and termination, the 1.2-addition of some of the dimers to styrene at 120 to 150°C has been studied with chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP).
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 357-374 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rate, equilibrium, and thermodynamic data for reaction (1) of 2,6-diphenyl-4R-phenoxyl radicals, where R==OCH3 (I), Ph (II), OC2H5 (III), O-n-C18H37 (IV), and 2,6-dicyclohexyl-4-phenylphenoxyl radical (V), in various solvents are obtained. The k1 values of radicals I to V are within (5.5 ± 1.0) × 107-(1.4 ± 0.3) × 109M-1·sec-1 in propanol. The solvent effect on k1 for radicals I and II was studied. The dimerization of radical I is diffusion-controlled in all solvent studies. The dimerization of radical II is viscosity-dependent but not diffusion-controlled. Plots of k1 against ET have a V shape. Specific solvent-solute interactions are seeming to be responsible for numerical k1 values of radicals I and II. The solvent effect is more pronounced for “slow” dimerization of radicals II than for “fast” dimerization of radicals I. The minimum k1 values correspond to pyridine and chloroform. The reaction (1) rate strongly depends upon the composition of a chloroform (S)-cosolvent binary mixture. Besides reaction (1) the following reactions proceed in binary mixture: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ K_{14} = 0.18 \pm 0.05M^{ - 1},k_{15} = (2.0 \pm 1.0) \times 10^8 M^{ - 1} \cdot \sec ^{ - 1} $$\end{document} (radical I, S-CCL4 mixture) \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ K_{14} = 0.9 \pm 0.2M^{ - 1},k_{15} = (1.2 \pm 0.5) \times 10^7 M^{ - 1} \cdot \sec ^{ - 1} $$\end{document}(radical II, S-C6H14 mixture) \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ K_{14} = 0.45 \pm 0.10M^{ - 1},k_{15} = (9.0 \pm 2.0) \times 10^6 M^{ - 1} \cdot \sec ^{ - 1} $$\end{document}(radical II, S-CCL4 mixture)In all cases k16 ≪ k15. Factors influencing dimerization rates in strongly nonideal mixtures CH3OH-CCL4 and CH3OH-CHCl3 are discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 16 (1984), S. 1481-1494 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rates and thermodynamic data have been obtained for the reversible self-termination reaction: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm R}^ \cdot + {\rm R}^ \cdot \mathop{\buildrel\longleftarrow\over\longrightarrow}^{2k1}_{2k_{-1}}D $$\end{document} Involving aromatic 2-(4′dimethylaminophenyl)indandione-1,3-yl (I), 2-(4′diphenylaminophenyl)indandione-1,3-yl (II), and 2,6 di-tert-butyl-4-(β-phthalylvinyl)-phenoxyl (III) radicals in different solvents. The type of solvent does not tangibly affect the 2k1 of Radical(I), obviously due to a compensation effect. The log(2k1) versus solvent parameter ET(30) curves for the recombination of radicals (II) and (III) have been found to be V shaped, the minimum corresponding to chloroform. The intensive solvation of Radical (II) by chloroform converts the initially diffusion-controlled recombination of the radical into an activated reaction. The log (2k-1) of the dimer of Radical (I) has been found to be a linear function of the Kirkwood parameter (ε - 1)/(2ε + 1), the dissociation rate increasing with the dielectic constant of the solvent. The investigation revealed an isokinetic relationship for the decay of the dimer of Radical (I), an isokinetic temperature β = 408 K and isoequilibrium relationship for the reversible recombination of Radical (I) with β° = 651 K. For Radical (I) dimer decay In(2k-1) = const + 0.8 In K, where K is the equilibrium constant of this reversible reaction. The transition state of Radical (I) dimer dissociation reaction looks more like a pair of radicals than the initial dimer. The role of specific solvation in radical self-termination reactions is discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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