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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 26 (1978), S. 15-20 
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food biochemistry 2 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-4514
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The treatment of industrial enzyme preparations with ionizing radiations to reduce microbial contamination demands a thorough characterization of these enzymes in order to identify possible changes in their physico-chemical properties. Fungal and bacterial proteases were fractionated with respect to their charge and size properties by means of thin-layer isoelectric focusing and gel filtration, respectively.Both enzymes were highly heterogeneous on focusing: the protease from A. oryzae consists of at least fifteen multiple forms mainly in the acid pH range, the predominant component having an isoelectric point of 5. 7, whereas the protease from B. subtilis exhibited about 10 components in the alkaline pH range 7–10 with the main zone at pH 8. 2. The molecular weights of the main enzyme fractions separated by gel filtration were estimated to be 22,000 for the fungal and 16,000 for the bacterial protease.Irradiation treatment with doses up to 1 Mrad of 60 Co-γ-rays and doses much in excess (up to 20 Mrad) revealed no changes in the charge and size properties of these proteases, thereby confirming the attraction of the irradiation process for the reduction of microbial contamination of industrial enzyme preparations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food biochemistry 2 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-4514
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Industrial dry fungal pectinase from A. niger was irradiated with doses (up to 1 Mrad) of 60 Co-γrays effective in reducing microbial contamination. The pectinase was characterized by thin-layer isoelectric focusing and gel filtration in order to detect possible radiation-induced structural alterations. Thin-layer isoelectric focusing revealed at least fifteen multiple forms with pectin-depolymerizing activity, with isoelectric points in the range pH 4.5–7. Heterogeneity of pectinesterase was also demonstrated, the main band occurring around pH 4. By thin-layer gel filtration the molecular weight of the pectin-depolymerase was estimated as being about 36,000, and that of pectinesterase as about 33,000. Radiation-induced changes of the charge properties or molecular size of the irradiated pectinase preparation were not observed. The feasibility of using ionizing radiation for the reduction of microbial contamination of industrial enzyme preparations looks promising.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food biochemistry 3 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-4514
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: i
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European food research and technology 197 (1993), S. 217-226 
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Übersicht über die neuesten internationalen Entwicklungen, insbesondere die Programme von „ADMIT“ (FAO/IAEA) und dem BCR (Europäische Gemeinschaft) zum Nachweis einer erfolgten Bestrahlung von Lebensmitteln gegeben. Eine Kontrolle bestrahlter Lebensmittel direkt am Produkt ist wünschenswert, um Kennzeichnung und eventuell bestehende Verbote zu überwachen, aber auch um das Vertrauen des Verbrauchers in eine korrekte Anwendung des Verfahrens zu stärken und sein Recht auf freie Wahl zwischen bestrahlten und unbestrahlten Lebensmitteln zu schützen. Auf internationaler Ebene haben bereits mehrere größere Ringversuche stattgefunden, z. B. Messung der Elektronen-Spin-Resonanz in Knochen von Geflügel, Schwein, Rind, Froschschenkeln und Fisch; Messung der Thermoluminescenz von unlöslichen Mineralien, isoliert aus Gewürzen und Kräutern; die gaschroma- tographische Analyse von Kohlenwasserstoffen und Alkylcyclobutanonen aus der Lipidfraktion von Hähnchen; und die mikrobiologische DEFT/APC-Analyse von Gewürzen. Diese Methoden sollen in naher Zukunft als internationale Standardmethoden etabliert werden.
    Notes: Abstract A survey over recent international developments to detect the irradiation treatment of foods is given, in particular the programmes of “ADMIT” (FAO/ IAEA) and of BCR (European Community). The need to detect radiation treatment by analysing the food itself is desirable to check compliance with existing regulations, such as the enforcement of labelling and control of prohibition, to enhance consumer confidence in the correct application of radiation processing, and to protect consumers' freedom of choice between irradiated or unirra-diated food products. Some larger collaborative studies on an international scale have already taken place, e.g. ESR measurements of bones from chicken, pork, beef, frog legs and fish, thermoluminescence of insoluble minerals isolated from herbs and spices, gas Chromatographic analysis of hydrocarbons and alkylcyclobutanones derived from the lipid fraction of chicken and the microbiological DEFT/APC procedure for spices. These methods could soon be implemented in international standard protocols.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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