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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 13 (1977), S. 507-511 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 19 (1982), S. 183-193 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dans le mémoire, on a établi une expression analytique pour la vitesse de relaxation de l'énergie et on l'a mise sous une forme convenable pour une analyse numérique de configurations de fissures arbitrairement à trois dimensions. La méthode d'extension virtuelle de la fissure est celle qui convient le mieux pour un tel traitement. Cette méthode a été, à l'origine, développée à partir de considérations d'éléments finis et les expressions qui en résultaient ont dès lors été basées sur une formulation de matrice d'éléments finis [1, 5]. Dans le présent mémoire, la dérivation de la vitesse de relaxation de l'énergie conduit à une expression indépendante de toute procédure numérique spécifique. La formulation est applicable au comportement général à la rupture comprenant des ruptures non coplanaires et des lèvres de cisaillement, et s'applique à des matériaux aussi bien élastiques que redevables de la théorie des déformations en plasticité. On tient compte également de l'effet des forces appliquées sur un corps. Dans le cas de problèmes de rupture à trois dimensions, il est avantageux d'utiliser à la fois une forme moyenne et une forme locale de taux de relaxation d'énergie et l'on suggère des définitions pour ces deux formes. Dans le cas de certaines restrictions relatives à la géométrie de la fissure, on montre que le taux de relaxation de l'énergie se ramène à une expression générale à trois dimensions de l'intégrale J.
    Notes: Abstract In this paper an analytical expression for the energy release rate has been derived and put in a form suitable for a numerical analysis of an arbitrary 3-D crack configuration. The virtual crack extension method can most conveniently be used for such a derivation. This method was originally developed from finite element considerations and the resulting expressions were, therefore, based on the finite element matrix formulation [1–5]. In this paper the derivation of the energy release rate leads to an expression which is independent of any specific numerical procedure. The formulation is valid for general fracture behavior including nonplanar fracture and shear lips and applies to elastic materials as well as materials following the deformation theory of plasticity. The body force effect is also included. For 3-D fracture problems it is of advantage to use both an average and a local form of the energy release rate and definitions for both forms are suggested. For certain restrictions on the crack geometry it is shown that the energy release rate reduces to the 3-D form of the J-integral.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 21 (1983), S. 195-220 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le mémoire présente une comparaison analytique d'une éprouvette de traction compacte standard et d'une éprouvette à entaille latérale. Les deux éprouvettes sont analysées en utilisant la technique des éléments finis à trois dimensions en régime élastique ainsi que sous des conditions d'écoulement plastique à grande échelle. L'éprouvette standard fait montre de grandes variations du déplacement d'ouverture de fissure et du taux de relaxation d'énergie le long du front de fissuration, ce qui indique clairement que la fissure tendra à se propager en tunnel. D'autre part, l'éprouvette à entaille latérale procure une variation beaucoup plus uniforme de ces deux paramètres et encourage le développement d'une fissure sous une forme plate et uniforme. Les résultats indiquent clairement que, pour les matériaux ductiles soumis à contrainte dans leur zone de déformation plastique, un processus de rupture beaucoup plus uniforme peut être obtenu avec des éprouvettes à entaille latérale. On montre également que la méthode utilisée par Merkle-Corten pour estimer l'intégrale J à partir d'un enregistrement des contraintes expérimentales obtenues en fonction du déplacement le long de la ligne de mise en charge, est en bon accord avec le taux de relaxation d'énergie moyen calculé par la méthode d'extension virtuelle de la fissure.
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents an analytical comparison of a standard and a side-grooved compact tension specimen. Both specimens were analyzed using 3-13 finite element techniques in the elastic regime as well as under large-scale yielding conditions. The standard specimen reveals large variations of both the crack opening displacement and the energy release rate along the crack front clearly indicating that the crack will tend to propagate in a tunneling mode. The side-grooved specimen, on the other hand, provides a much more uniform variation of both parameters thereby promoting both flat fracture and a uniform crack growth. The results clearly indicate that for ductile materials loaded well into the plastic range, a much more uniform fracture process can be obtained with the side-grooved specimen. We also show that the Merkle-Corten method of estimating theJ-integral from an experimentally obtained load versus load-line displacement record is in good agreement with the average energy release rate calculated by the virtual crack extension method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 1431-1437 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Three point bend tests of notched, polyetherimide (PEI) beams are performed for varying notch radii and beam thicknesses. Finite element stress results including pressure sensitive yielding effects are correlated with experimental load-to-craze observations to determine the three-dimensional stress state at craze initiation. Three crazing criteria; maximum principal stress, hydrostatic stress, and the critical strain criterion of Oxborough and Bowden are examined for consistency. Over the range of geometries studied, the critical strain criterion provides the best fit to the experimental data. This criterion could be used as a brittle failure criterion to help understand and prevent brittle failures.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 1163-1173 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper exmines the influence of process variables on final thickness distributions for vacuum-formed thermoplastic parts. The process variables investigated include evacuation rate, sheet surface temperature, mold temperature, and material slip over the mold surface. The experimental data presented include, in addition to thicknesses, sheet surface temperature obtained via infrared thermography. A finite element program to model the vacuum-forming process is discussed, and the wall thickness distribution predicted by this program for a vacuum-formed part is compared with the results of the experiments.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 1314-1322 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The development of a finite element program specifically designed to simulate thermoforming in complex three-dimensional geometries is described. The large strain finite element model developed for simulating thermoforming processes is based on a total Lagrangian formulation which results in a nonlinear system of equations that must be solved iteratively. The nonlinear material behavior and contact between the polymer and mold surf aces ieads to additional complications in the numerical solution of the thermoforming simulation problem. In an effort to verify the accuracy of the finite element model developed in this study, analyses are compared with measurements obtained from three-dimensional three-formed parts.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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