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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro suppression of fungal root pathogens of cereals by Brassica tissues (1996)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 45 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The superior growth of wheat following Brassica crops compared to that following non-Brassica crops may be due to the suppression of soilborne fungal pathogens by volatile isothiocyanates (ITCs) released in the soil during hydrolysis of glucosinolates contained in Brassica tissues. We investigated the effects of volatile compounds released from the root, shoot and seed meal tissues of canola (Brassica napus) and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) on the mycelial growth of five soilborne pathogens of cereals—Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium graminearum, Pythium irregulare and Bipolaris sorokiniana. Three isolates of each species, originally collected from the roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley grass (Hordeum leporinum ) in southern Australia, were exposed to volatiles released in vitro when sterile water was added to freeze-dried Brassica tissues. The root and shoot tissues of both Brassica species were more suppressive at flowering than maturity and mustard tissues were generally more suppressive than canola. The degree of fungal suppression by the various Brassica tissues was related to the concentration and type of isothiocyanates released, which varied with Brassica species, tissue age and tissue type. There were significant differences in the sensitivity of the fungal species and among isolates of each species. Gaeumannomyces and Rhizoctonia were generally the most sensitive to the volatiles released, Pythium and Bipolaris the least. The results indicate that the effectiveness of fungal suppression by Brassica crops will depend upon the species, age and type of Brassica tissue, which influence the type and concentration of isothiocyanates evolved, and the sensitivity of the pathogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1996.d01-143.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biofumigation: Isothiocyanates released frombrassica roots inhibit growth of the take-all fungus (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 162 (1994), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: canola ; glucosinolates ; Indian mustard ; take-all ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The presence of root tissue of the brassicas canola and Indian mustard inhibited growth of pure cultures of the fungal pathogen which causes take-all of wheat [Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx and Oliver var.tritici, abbreviated as Ggt]. Ggt growth was generally inhibited more in the presence of Indian mustard roots than canola roots. Dried irradiated roots were consistently effective in reducing Ggt growth, but growth inhibition by young live roots and macerated roots was not consistent. The inhibitory compound(s) were shown to be volatile because the symmetry of Ggt growth was not affected by the proximity of theBrassica tissue. Volatile breakdown products from maceratedBrassica roots were identified using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. The major compounds found were isothiocyanates (ITCs). Canola roots released mostly methyl ITC and Indian mustard roots released mostly phenylethyl ITC. Low concentrations of these and related compounds inhibited growth of Ggt in pure culture when supplied as the vapour of pure chemicals in concentrations within the range expected during breakdown ofBrassica roots in soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01416095
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass spectra of indazolones and pyrazolones - I: Indazolones (1969)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 37-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectral fragmentations of 3-indazolone (I), 1-acetyl-3-acetoxyindazol (II), 1,2-diacetyl-3-indazolone (III), 1-methyl-3-indazolone (IV), 2-methyl-3-indazolone (V), 2-methyl-3-indazolone-N-d-1 (VI), 3-methoxy-indazole (VII), 1-ethyl-3-indazolone (VIII), 1-carbethoxy-3-indazolone (IX), 1-carbethoxy-2-methyl-3-indazolone (X), 2′-carboxyethyl-3-indazolone (XI), 1-oxo-2,3-dihydropyrazolo-(1,2-α)-3-indazolone (XII) and 1-ethyl-3-indazolone-N-d-2 (XIII) are reported. The loss of an ·N2R radical from the parent radical ion in indazolone and the alkyl indazolones occurs more readily than the loss of a formyl radical, and no loss of HCN is observed from the parent radical ion. Mass spectral data can be used to distinguish between N-methyl and O-methyl derivatives of 3-indazolone.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210020105
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass spectra of indazolones and pyrazolones - IIFor Part I, see Ref 1.: 5-pyrazolones (1969)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 697-709 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectral fragmentations of 3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (I), 3-methyl-5-pyrazolone-1-d1 (II), 3-methyl-5-pyrazolone-1,4,4-d3 (III), 1-acetyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (IV), 3-methyl-5-ethoxy-pyrazole (V), 3,4-dimethyl-5-pyrazolone (VI), 1,3-dimethyl-5-pyrazolone (VII), 1-acetyl-5-acetoxy-3,4-dimethylpyrazole (VIII), 1,2,3-trimethyl-5-pyrazolone (IX), 3,4,4-trimethyl-5-pyrazolone (X), 3,4,4-trimethyl-5-pyrazolone-1-d1 (XI), 3-phenyl-5-pyrazolone (XII), 2-acetyl-3-phenyl-5-pyrazolone (XIII) and 5-acetoxy-3-phenylpyrazole (XIV) are reported. Comparison is made between the mass spectra of 5-pyrazolones and 3-indazolones. As for the latter compounds initial loss of ·N2R is preferred to loss of ·CHO, and is followed by loss of CO. The [M — 1]ions are intense in the C-methyl substituted pyrazolones, and unlike the 3-indazolones, the pyrazolones do not show any significant loss of HCN from these ions. The mass spectra distinguish between certain isomeric 5-pyrazolones.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210020704
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mass spectra of dibenzo-p-dioxin and group VI analogues (1970)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 121-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of dibenzo-p-dioxin and group VI analogues are reported and discussed in terms of observed tendencies in the fragmentation patterns. Data for the following compounds are given: dibenzo-p-dioxin (la), phenosellenine (Ic), phenotellurine (Id), 5,5-dibromophenosellenine (Ig), 5,5-dibromophenotellurine (Ih), 3,7-dibromophenoxathiin-5,5-dioxide (II), benz-1,4-dioxin (III) and 2-hydroxybenz-1,4-dioxan (IV). Certain ions in the spectra of phenoxathiin (Ib), its sulphoxide (le) and sulphone (If) are reported for purposes of comparison. Ions formed by the loss of the heteroatom other than oxygen (i.e. group Y in the type formula I) are present in the spectra of the compounds Ia to h, but the intensities of these ions vary considerably. In the series of analogous-compounds la to d the intensity of the ion formed by loss of Y increases as the electronegativity of Y decreases. Ions formed by intial loss of CO and ·CHO are observed in the spectra of compounds la to d; the ratios of the intensities of these ions to the intensity of the ion formed by loss of Y depends on the ease of loss of Y. Compounds Ia and III lose C2O2 in a one step process to form intense aromatic radical ions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210040113
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