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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-Invasive Single Cell pH Measurements In The Isolated Perfused Pancreas (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. A new method was developed for non-invasive investigations of intracellular pH (pHi) regulation in different cell types of the isolated perfused pancreas using a confocal laser scanning technique.2. After removal of the rat pancreas the coeliac artery was cannulated and the splenic segment of the pancreas was perfused with dextran (5%)–Ringer solution at a constant flow rate of 2 mL/min. In a temperature-controlled (37°C) chamber, pH regulation was studied using the pH-sensitive fluorescent dye 2′,7′-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(-6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) with a confocal microscope (MRC-600; Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA).3. Image analysis permitted the identification and comparison of different cell types with a pHi of 7.26±0.1 in acinar cells and of 7.02±0.1 in endothelial cells. Increasing PCO2 from 5 to 20% resulted in a rapid decrease in pHi. Omission of sodium from the perfusate resulted in a smooth decline in pHi. Both decreases were found to be fully reversible. Increasing PCO2 under sodium-free conditions also resulted in a drop of pHi that was, however, not fully reversible, suggesting involvement of the Na+/H+ exchanger in the regulation of pHi in the intact organ.4. The above method completely preserves tissue integrity and, therefore, allows the study of pH regulation in different cell types of the pancreas simultaneously and without interference with their functional arrangement. The technique should be of specific value to investigate experimental disease states of the pancreas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.2001.03464.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Bedeutung des cyclischen Adenosin-3′:5′-monophosphat als „second messenger“ bei der Säuresekretion des Magens (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 53 (1975), S. 841-846 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Cyclic adenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate ; gastric acid secretion ; “second messenger” concept ; species dependence ; Cyclisches Adenosin-3′:5′-monophosphat ; gastrale Säuresekretion. „second messenger“-Konzept ; Speciesabhängigkeit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ob bei einer bestimmten Hormonwirkung cyclisches Adenosin-3′:5′-monophosphat (cAMP) als intracellulärer Vermittler fungiert, läßt sich nach den von Sutherland entwickelten Kriterien beurteilen; dabei sind die qualitativen, quantitativen und zeitlichen Beziehungen zwischen dem Hormoneffekt auf den intracellulären cAMP-Spiegel und die jeweilige physiologische Antwort zu prüfen. Im Falle der Histamin- bzw. Pentagastrin-stimulierten gastralen Säuresekretion des Frosches (Necturus maculosus) und der Ratte erfüllt das cAMP die Bedingungen eines „second messenger“. Dagegen ließ sich beim Hund und Menschen eine derartige Funktion des cAMP bisher nicht verifizieren; ob bei diesen Species cyclisches Guanosin-3′:5′-monophosphat anstelle des cAMP die intracelluläre Vermittlerrolle übernimmt, werden erst noch systematische Untersuchungen erweisen müssen.
    Notes: Summary The criteria to determine whether cyclic adenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) is or is not involved in a particular hormone response require to look for positive qualitative, quantitative and temporal correlations between the effects of the hormone on cyclic AMP levels and the physiological response. These requirements have been shown to be fulfilled in histamine and pentagastrinstimulated gastric acid secretion of the frog (Necturus maculosus) and the rat. In dog and man, however, the available evidence does not support a role for cyclic AMP in the gastric secretory process; it remains a challenge for future research whether in those species cyclic guanosine 3′:5′-monophosphate acts as an intracellular substitute for cyclic AMP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01466956
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferritin — Begleitprotein oder integrierender Ribosomen-Bestandteil? (1969)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 56 (1969), S. 372-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00596939
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of type I and IV collagen mRNAs in healing gastric ulcers – a comparative analysis using isotopic and non-radioactive in situ hybridization (1996)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 106 (1996), S. 413-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The sensitivity and practicability of in situ hybridization methods utilizing isotopic or non-radioactive labeling were compared. The aim of this study was to determine whether digoxigenin-labeled riboprobes are as sensitive as 35S-labeled probes to detect changes in type I and IV procollagen expression in an animal model of rat gastric ulcer. Both labeling and detection methods yielded similar results, with a superimposable signal distribution in the specimens. High levels of procollagen type I and IV transcripts were observed in spindle-shaped cells, presumably fibroblasts or myofibroblasts, localized in the ulcer base and rim. The increased expression of these collagen types suggests a remarkable upregulation of collagen expression during the healing of gastric ulcers. Liver tissue adhering to perforated ulcers displayed signals related to non-parenchymal cells, with hepatocytes demonstrating no detectable transcripts of type I or IV collagen genes. Due to the identical pattern of signal distribution by both hybridization techniques it is concluded that non-radioactive in situ hybridization is of value in monitoring highly expressed genes and yields results similar to those achieved with radioactive probes. In these cases, non-radioactive techniques are preferable because they are performed more rapidly and do not require handling of isotopes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050058
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of type I and IV collagen mRNAs in healing gastric ulcers—a comparative analysis using isotopic and non-radioactive in situ hybridization (1996)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 106 (1996), S. 413-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The sensitivity and practicability of in situ hybridization methods utilizing isotopic or non-radioactive labeling were compared. The aim of this study was to determine whether digoxigenin-labeled riboprobes are as sensitive as35S-labeled probes to detect changes in type I and IV procollagen expression in an animal model of rat gastric ulcer. Both labeling and detection methods yielded similar results, with a superimposable signal distribution in the specimens. High levels of procollagen type I and IV transcripts were observed in spindle-shaped cells, presumably fibroblasts or myofibroblasts, localized in the ulcer base and rim. The increased expression of these collagen types suggests a remarkable upregulation of collagen expression during the healing of gastric ulcers. Liver tissue adhering to perforated ulcers displayed signals related to non-parenchymal cells, with hepatocytes demonstrating no detectable transcripts of type I or IV collagen genes. Due to the identical pattern of signal distribution by both hybridization techniques it is concluded that non-radioactive in situ hybridization is of value in monitoring highly expressed genes and yields results similar to those achieved with radioactive probes. In these cases, non-radioactive techniques are preferable because they are performed more rapidly and do not require handling of isotopes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02473300
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathologic basis of gastric mucosal adaptation to topical injury (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of gastroenterology 30 (1995), S. 416-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5922
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02347522
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synergistic Effect of Immunoregulatory Cytokines on Peripheral Blood Monocytes from Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (1997)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 42 (1997), S. 805-812 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: INTERLEUKIN-4 ; INTERLEUKIN-10 ; INTERLEUKIN-13 ; MONOCYTES ; INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ischaracterized by increased monocyte secretion ofproinflammatory cytokines. Immunoregulatory cytokinessuch as Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and IL-13 are capable of inhibiting the proinflammatory cytokineresponse of activated monocytes. The aim of our studywas to determine the effect of differentantiinflammatory cytokines under various cultureconditions and to evaluate combinations of antiinflammatorycytokines in down-regulating monocyte response in IBD.Peripheral monocytes from patients with active IBD wereisolated and stimulated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM). IL-4, IL-10, IL-13 and a combination ofIL-4/IL-10 and IL-10/IL-13 were added at differentconcentrations and different times. Secretion ofIL-1beta and TNF-α was assessed using sandwichELISA systems. There was a diminished down-regulationof TNF-α by IL-4 and IL-13 in IBD when thecytokines were added at the time of stimulation, whilethere was a significantly higher down-regulation when monocytes were primed with these Th-2 cytokines24 hr before activation. IL-10 plus IL-4 and IL-10 plusIL-13, respectively, inhibited the proinflammatorycytokine response of monocytes as well as matured macrophages much more than IL-4, IL-10, orIL-13 alone. Even at suboptimal concentrations for eachcytokine alone, a combination of cytokines showedsynergistic inhibitory effects. In summary, acombination of antiinflammatory cytokines is more effectivein down-regulating the response of activated monocytesthan using the cytokines alone and thus may have apotential therapeutic benefit for patients with IBD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018872332387
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IL-10 Synergizes with IL-4 and IL-13 in Inhibiting Lysosomal Enzyme Secretion by Human Monocytes and Lamina Propria Mononuclear Cells from Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (1998)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 43 (1998), S. 706-714 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES ; COMBINED TREATMENT ; Th-2 CYTOKINES ; MONOCYTES ; INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Tissue injury and inflammation in inflammatorybowel disease (IBD) are associated with enhancedmonocytic lysosomal enzyme release. In this study,peripheral monocytes and lamina propria mononuclearcells (LPMNC) were isolated from IBD patients andnormal controls. Cells were stimulated withlipopolysaccharide after treatment with IL-13, IL-4, andIL-10, and enzyme secretion was assessed by using thecorresponding p-nitrophenyl glycosides as substrates.Molecular forms of cathepsin D were examined to describethe mode of enzyme release. IL-10 and IL-4 stronglydown-regulate enzyme secretion in IBD monocytes. IBD monocytes showed a diminished responsiveness tothe inhibitory effect of IL-13. Impaired monocyteresponse was not found with combinations of IL-13 andIL-10 or IL-4 and IL-10. LPMNC from involved IBD mucosa showed significantly higher enzyme secretioncompared with LPMNC from noninvolved IBD mucosa butresponded inefficiently to either IL-4, IL-13, or IL-10alone. However, combined treatment with IL-10 and IL-4 or IL-10 and IL-13 strongly suppressedenzyme release by these cells. Both the precursor andmature forms of cathepsin D were elevated in IBDpatients. While IL-13 reduced mainly the precursor form, the effect of IL-4 and IL-10 concerns both theprecursor and mature form of cathepsin D. Our resultsfavor the potent clinical utility of combined treatment,thus improving chances of developing effective treatments for human IBD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018845526434
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interleukin (IL)-13 and IL-4 Are Potent Inhibitors of IL-8 Secretion by Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells (1999)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 44 (1999), S. 649-655 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL CELLS ; INTERLEUKIN-8 ; TH-2 CYTOKINES
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intestinal epithelial cells are able to producesoluble mediators that initiate or amplify inflammatoryevents in the intestinal mucosa. Interleukin (IL)-8 issuggested to be a cytokine playing a major role during the acute and chronic processes ininflammatory bowel disease (IBD). TH-2 cytokines havebeen described as down-regulating the inflammatoryresponse. We analyzed the effects of IL-10, IL-13, and IL-4 on IL-8 secretion in intestinalepithelial cells. The human colonic epithelial cell lineCaco-2 and freshly isolated intestinal epithelial cellswere used. Cells weRestimulated with IL-1beta after treatment with TH-2 cytokines. Levels of IL-8were determined by employing enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay (ELISA). Stimulation with IL-1beta results in atime-dependent IL-8 secretion. The addition of IL-4 and IL-13, but not IL-10, to activatedepithelial cells resulted in a strong decrease in IL-8secretion. Maximal inhibition required that TH-2cytokines be added up to 60 min before or simultaneous with stimulatory agents. We present novelfindings that IL-4 and IL-13 strongly down-regulate IL-8secretion from intestinal epithelial cells. Amicroenvironment containing high concentrations of IL-4and IL-13 may alter The recruitment of immune cellsto enterocytes at least partly by inhibiting IL-8production. This inhibition might diminish the severityof the intestinal inflammatory response and, thus reduce clinical disease activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026638330843
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NMR spectrometry (1987)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 32 (1987), S. 494-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: chloroform-methanol extraction ; chronic pancreatitis ; exocrine pancreatic function ; NMR spectrometry ; total stool fat excretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the present investigation, suitability of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry for total stool fat quantification in patients with normal or impaired exocrine pancreatic function (chronic pancreatitis) has been analyzed in comparison with a conventional chloroform-methanol extraction technique. Basic temperature-dependence studies of NMR spectrometry (90°/180° radiofrequency pulse sequence) on 21 chloroform-methanol extracted pure total stool lipid standards (weight range: 0.05–1.6 g) revealed significantly (P〈0.05) improving correlations between NMR signal amplitudes and corresponding weights at increasing temperatures (r=0.952/40° C,r=0.965/60° C,r=0.988/80° C), thus indicating 80° C as optimal temperature for NMR spectrometric total stool fat quantification. In subsequent comparative measureemnts of lyophilized stool samples, NMR spectrometry (at 80° C) and conventional chloroform-methanol extraction provided significantly (P〈0.001) correlated results with respect to total fecal fat contents/day of quantitatively collected and homogenized stools in 93 patients with known exocrine pancreatic function (secretin-pancreozymin test), irrespective of whether correlations were determined for all 93 patients (r=0.983) or separately for patients with normal (N=45;r=0.867), moderately reduced (N=31;r=0.946), or highly reduced (N=17;r=0.992) exocrine pancreatic function and correspondingly increased total fecal fat excretions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01296032
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