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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 14 (1986), S. 287-289 
    ISSN: 0305-1978
    Keywords: Ostrinia nubilalis ; Psilotaceae ; Psilotum nudum ; psilotin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: European corn borer ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; Pyralidae ; Lepidoptera ; azadirachtin ; antifeedant ; botanical insecticide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a examiné les propriétés anti-appétantes et insecticides de l'azadirachtine, une substance triterpénoïde provenant d'Azadirachta indica envers la pyrale du maïs Ostrinia nubilalis. La concentration effective pour causer 50% d'inhibition de l'alimentation larvaire (PC50) sur des disques foliaires a été de 3.5 ppm pour les larves de premier stade et de 24 μg/8 pour celle de troisième stade. L'azadirachtine a sévèrement réduit la croissance larvaire à des concentrations de 1 et 10 ppm dans une diète méridique et, éventuellement, a causé 100% de mortalité à 10 ppm et 90% à 1 ppm. A 0.1 ppm l'azadirachtine n'a pas eu d'effet significatif sur les larves maïs a modifié l'indice de masculinité en faveur des mâles au moment de l'émergence et a empêché l'oviposition chez les femelles. Les indices nutritionnels pour les larves naïves de troisième âge et celles ayant subi une accoutumance suggèrent que la réduction de croissance est le résultat d'une intoxication comme le démontre une efficacité réduite de transformation chez les groupes traités à l'azadirachtine, plutôt que des changements de digestibilité. Il n'y a pas d'évidence claire de tolérance dans le groupe ayant subi l'accoutumance. Les résultats suggèrent qu'à 10 ppm l'azadirachtine est un insecticide botanique efficace envers O. nubilalis.
    Notes: Abstract Azadirachtin, a triterpenoid substance from the neem tree, Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Meliaceae, was evaluated for its antifeedant and insecticidal properties to the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner. The 50% protective concentration for larval feeding on treated corn disks (PC50) was 3.5 ppm for neonate larvae and 24 ppm for third instar larvae. Azadirachtin severely reduced larval growth at 1 and 10 ppm in a meridic diet and eventually caused 100% mortality at 10 ppm and 90% at 1 ppm. At 0.1 ppm azadirachtin showed no significant effect on larvae but altered the sex ratio in favor of male moths during adult emergence and arrested oviposition of female moths. Nutritional indices for naive and habituated third instar larvae suggested that reduction of growth was due to toxicity as shown by a lowered efficiency of conversion in the azadirachtin treated groups, rather than changes in digestibility. No clear evidence of tolerance was observed in the habituated group. The data suggest that at 10 ppm azadirachtin is an effective botanical insecticide for control of O. nubilalis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 43 (1987), S. 221-226 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: European corn borer ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; limonoids ; antifeedants ; growth reduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a évalué l'effet de six limonoides provenent des Rutaceae et des Meliaceae sur la pyrale du mais, Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). L'activité anti-appétante a augmenté dans l'ordre suivant: gédunine, busséine, entandrophragmine, nomiline, cédrélone, anthothecol. Lorsqu'on incorpore ces composés à un régime artificiel à raison de 50 ppm on observe soit des mortalites larvaires, soit une réduction de croissance des survivants. Cependant lors d'une étude avec des larves de 3ème âge n'ayant jamais été exposées à de telles substances, seules la cédrélone et l'anthothecol ont été effectifs, réduisant la capacité de conversion de la nourriture ingérée à des concentrations de 100 ppm ou moins. A des doses sub-létales de 10 ppm dans le régime, ces deux substances ont produit une réduction de croissance des larves, une réduction de poids des femelles mais non des mâles, une réduction du pourcentage de pupaison, de l'émergence des adultes et du nombre d'oeufs par femelle. Les résultats sont discutés en fonction des relations structure-activité.
    Notes: Abstract Six limonoids from the Rutaceae and Meliaceae were evaluated for their effect on the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Antifeedant activity increased in the order gedunin, bussein, entandrophragmin, nomilin, cedrelone, anthothecol. When incorporated into artifical diets of neonates at 50 ppm all compounds either cuased larval mortality or growth reduction of survivors. However in a study with naive third instar larvae, only cedrelone and anthothecol were effective in reducing efficiency of conversion of ingested food at concentrations of 100 ppm or less. In sublethal trials at 10 ppm in diet, these two substances led to growth reduction of larvae and reduced female, but not male pupal weights, percent pupation, adult emergence and number of eggs per female. The results are discussed in terms of structure-activity relationships.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 1239-1252 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Third trophic level interaction ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; Lepidop-tera ; Pyralidae ; Diadegma terebrans ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; α-terthienyl ; berberine ; allelochemicals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two plant-derived allelochemicals, berberine and α-terthienyl (α- T), were tested for their effects on the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis, and its endoparasitoidDiadegma terebrans. The compounds were administered to the host insect in meridic diets, and the responses of the host larvae and parasitoids reared from treated hosts were measured in terms of growth parameters and survival. InO. nubilalis, survival to pupation and adult emergence were reduced significantly by the inclusion of berberine and α-T in larval diets at a concentration of 100 μg/g. However, in the parasitoid, adverse effects were much more apparent with the α-T treatment than with the berberine treatment. α-T and one of its metabolites were found in host larvae and in emerged adult parasitoids and their cocoons. Berberine residues were not detected. The implications of these responses to compounds of widely differing physiological properties are discussed with reference to host-plant resistance and biological control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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