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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Membrane differentiation ; Buoyant density ; Photosynthetic units ; Bacteriochlorophyll, emission, absorption ; Phospholipids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Aerobically in the dark grown cultures of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata were shifted to low oxygen partial pressure for 30 min and afterwards to phototrophic conditions (anaerobic, light). During 210 min of adaptation to a phototrophic mode of life the bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) concentration increased 53-fold (doubling time 40 min) and the carotenoid content six fold. Growth was delayed. The light membrane fraction from chemotrophic and induced phototrophic cells contained low concentrations of small photosynthetic units (reaction center+light harvesting BChl B870), and low respiratory activities, especially of succinatecytochrome c oxidase. The heavy membrane fraction, i.e. the intracytoplasmic chromatophore fraction, increased during adaptation approximately 9-fold in surface area per cell, 42-fold in BChl content, 7-fold in reaction center content and 6-fold in the size of the photosynthetic unit. Phospholipid and fatty acid content and patterns changed slightly during adaptation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 101 (1974), S. 169-186 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Chromatium vinosum ; Membrane System ; Separation ; Protein Pattern ; Spheroplasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A fractionation of Chromatium vinosum into an outer layer (cell wall) and three intracellular membrane fractions by isopycnic sucrose density centrifugation of a total membrane fraction obtained by lysis of lysozyme-EDTA spheroplasts is decribed. The three intracellular fractions (I, II, and III) have apparent densities of 1.11, 1.14, and 1.16, respectively, and contain the bulk of the photosynthetic pigments. Fraction II is enriched in bacteriochlorophyll and contains about 49% of the total membrane protein and 60% of the membrane bacteriochlorophyll. The outer membrane fraction (IV, cell wall) has a density of 1.23 and contains 5% of the membrane protein and 0.8% of the bacteriochlorophyll. Fraction I is enriched in lipids and phosphorus and has only a trace of diaminopimelate (DAP). Fractions II and III both contain a significant content of DAP. Fraction IV has no DAP, but has a fatty acid composition similar to that of the envelope fraction. Electrophoresis of the fractions on sodium dodecylsulfate-containing gels yielded from 8–13 bands of protein. Fractions I, II, and III contained the same series of unique proteins, while fraction IV contained another group of unique proteins. In fraction IV the bulk of the proteins traveled in one band with a molecular weight of 41,500. Examination of the fractions and whole spheroplasts in the electron microscope showed that fractions I, II and III were composed of large membrane structures in the form of membrane reticulum with bud-like appendages, and elongated flattened tubes. Fraction IV was composed of large ovoid structures which were seen to lie on the outer surface of the whole spheroplasts. These results suggest that the normal in vivo state of the intracellular membranes is that of an interconnected series of tubules and vesicles extending throughout the cell cytoplasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Aerobic photosynthetic bacteria ; Carotenoids ; Carotene-dioate diglucosyl ester ; Erythroxanthin sulphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The obligate aerobic bacteria Roseococcus thiosulfatophilus RB3 and Erythromicrobium ramosum E5 contain numerous polar carotenoids. The major carotenoid of the strain RB3 was the C30 carotene-dioate (4,4′-diapocarotene-4,4′-dioate) and the respective diglycosyl ester which have never been isolated before from a bacteriochlorophyll containing bacterium. Strain E5 contains the very polar erythroxanthin sulphate. The major carotenoid bound to reaction center and light-harvesting complexes is bacteriorubixanthinal. Most of the carotenoids of both strains are not bound to the pigment-protein complexes of the photosynthetic apparatus but to the envelope fraction (cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 24 (1956), S. 134-146 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 23 (1955), S. 1-13 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. The isolation and chemical characterization of the lipopolysaccharides (O-antigens) of 12 strains of the gram-negative photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris is described. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were extractable with phenol/water, however, the bulk of the LPS of all strains remained in the phenol phase and only trace amounts were found in the aqueous layer. The LPS was also extractable by a phenol/chloroform/petroleum ether mixture (PCP-method), recommended for lipophilic glycolipids. Neither incubation of living bacteria with EDTA nor with NaCl liberated appreciable amounts of LPS-protein-lipid conjugates from the cells. 2. All strains investigated were found to have galactose, mannose, heptose, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate (KDO), glucosamine, 6-deoxy-glucosamine (quinovosamine) and a recently identified sugar, a 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxyhexose, as common LPS constituents. The presence of additional sugars allowed the classification of the strains into three distinct chemotypes. Chemotype I contains 4-O-methyl-D-xylose, and several non-identified amphoteric amino sugars. Chemotype II contains 4-O-methyl-D-xylose, 3-O-methyl-6-deoxy-D-talose, 6-deoxy-talose, xylose and again some unidentified amphoteric amino sugars, which were different from those of chemotype I. In chemotype III xylose, glucose, rhamnose, galactosamine and 6-O-methyl-glucosamine were identified. The main fatty acid in the high molecular weight material from the phenol phase of phenol/water extracts of all strains is β-hydroxymyristic acid. In addition in all strains β-hydroxypalmitic, palmitic and stearic acids were found. It has still to be proven that all these fatty acids are LPS constituents. 3. Like enteric LPS the LPS of R. palustris can be split by mild acid hydrolysis in a lipid portion (lipid A) and the degraded polysaccharide. But contrary to enteric lipid A, the lipid A of R. palustris does not contain glucosamine, but has the 2,3-diamino-hexose as the only amino sugar constituent. The possible occurrence of a common R-core and the question if repeating units exist in the O-specific chains of R. palustris LPS are discussed. 4. In two strains small amounts of additional LPS, which differ in their chemical composition from the respective LPS of the phenol phase, were isolated from the aqueous phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Rhodopseudomonas palustris ; O-Antigens ; Serology ; Lipopolysaccharides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die isolierten O-Antigen (Lipopolysaccharide) aus 12 Rhodopseudomonas palustris-Stämmen konnten drei verschiedenen Serotypen zugeordnet werden. Diese decken sich mit der kürzlich erarbeiteten Chemotypisierung dieser O-Antigene. Im passiven Hämagglutinationstest, der mit den Lipopolysacchariden der Stämme 2/2, K/1 (Chemotyp I), sowie 8/1, 1e5 (Chemotyp II) und 11/1, 15, 1a1, 42 (Chemotyp III) und den entsprechenden Antiseren gegen diese Stämme ausgeführt wurde, zeigten die O-Antigene nur innerhalb eines Chemotyps Kreuzreaktionen. Zwischen Lipopolysacchariden verschiedener Chemotypen wurden in keinem Fall Kreuzreaktionen beobachtet. Entsprechende Ergebnisse wurden durch Immunelektrophorese und im Agargel-Präcipitationstest nach Ouchterlony erhalten, bei welchen die Lipopolysaccharide der Stämme 8/1 (Chemotyp II) und 11/1 (Chemotyp III) mit den homologen und den gegen die übrigen Stämme gerichteten heterologen Antiseren getestet wurden. Durch Kreuzabsorptionen der Antiseren wurde für die dem Chemotyp III zugehörenden Stämme 11/1, 15 und 1a1 O-Identität nachgewiesen. Die weitgehende Parallelität von Chemo- und Serotyp hat somit nicht nur für Enterobacteriaceae, sondern auch für die taxonomisch weit entfernten Rhodospirillaceae Gültigkeit. Jedoch sind die Serotypen bzw. Chemotypen der untersuchten Stämme nicht als selbständige Taxa anzusehen. Mit Lipopolysacchariden aus anderen Rhodospirillaceae-Species (Rhodopseudomonas capsulata, Rhodopseudomonas viridis, Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa, Rhodospirillum rubrum) wurde in keinem Fall Kreuzreaktion erhalten.
    Notes: Abstract Serological investigations carried out with isolated O-antigens (lipopolysaccharides) of 12 strains of Rhodopseudomonas palustris showed that these O-antigens can be arranged into 3 distinct serotypes. These are identical with the three chemotypes previously established. The passive hemagglutination test carried out with isolated lipopolysaccharides of the strains 2/2 and K/1 of chemotype I, strains 8/1 and 1 e5 of chemotype II and strains 11/1, 15, 1a1 and 42 of chemotype III and their respective rabbit antisera showed that crossreactions can only be observed in between the chemotypes. No cross-reactions were observed between O-antigens of different chemotypes. This result was essentially confirmed by gel-precipitation studies (according to Ouchterlony) and in immunoelectrophoresis using the alkali-treated lipopolysaccharides of strains 8/1 (chemotype II) and 11/1 (chemotype III) as test antigens and antisera against strains of chemotypes I–III. Cross absorptions carried out with strains 11/1, 15 and 1a1, all belonging to chemotype III, showed identity of their O-antigens. The earlier established rather far-reaching parallelity of chemo- and serotypes existing in Enterobacteriaceae is therefore also valid for the taxonomically remote Rhodospirillaceae. In contrast to Enterobacteriaceae the different serotypes of Rhodopseudomonas palustris are not distinct taxa. Additional studies carried out with isolated lipopolysaccharides of other species of Rhodospirillaceae (Rhodopseudomonas capsulata, viridis and gelatinosa and Rhodospirillum rubrum) failed to show any cross reactivities with the three serotypes of Rhodopseudomonas palustris.
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