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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 16 (1994), S. 199-204 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Computed tomography (CT), three-dimensional ; Atlas and Axis ; Spine, anatomy ; Spine, CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une analyse tridimensionnelle de la rotation atloïdo-axoïdienne est effectuée en tomodensitométrie chez dix sujets sains. La méthode présentée permet une étude des rapports dans l'espace de C1 et C2, en position statique et dynamique, par projection dans un plan transversal fixe. Les résultats mettent en évidence un axe de rotation de C2 légèrement antérieur à celui de C1. Une rotation asymétrique est observée avec une ouverture entre les foramens transversaires de C1 et C2 plus faible du côté controlatéral au sens de rotation de la tête. Cette méthode tomodensitométrique et ces résultats anatomiques peuvent être utilisés dans l'étude de la pathologie de la rotation atloïdo-axoïdienne et de son retentissement sur les artères vertébrales.
    Notes: Summary A three-dimensional analysis of atlantoaxial rotation was made by computed tomography in ten healthy subjects. The method described allowed study of spatial relations between C1 and C2 interspace under both static and dynamic conditions, using a projection in a fixed transverse plane. The results demonstrated an axis of rotation for C2 slightly anterior to that for C1. Asymmetric rotation was observed, the separation between the transverse formaina of C1 and C2 being less marked on the side opposite to the direction of rotation of the head. This use of CT and these anatomic findings may be useful in the study of disorders of atlantoaxial rotation and their effect on the vertebral arteries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 17 (1995), S. 254-254 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Vertebral arteries, compression ; Magnetic resonance angiography ; Atlas and axis, rotation ; Craniovertebral junction, rotation ; Anatomy, functional
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le but de cette étude était d'identifier les facteurs anatomiques fonctionnels impliqués dans la préservation ou dans la perturbation du flux des artères vertébrales au cours de la rotation atlanto-axoïdienne. Quatorze témoins volontaires sains ont été étudiés en angiographie par résonance magnétique (ARM) par une séquence tridimensionnelle en contraste de phase centrée sur les artères vertébrales à hauteur de la jonction crânio-cervicale avant et après une rotation gauche de la tête. Une diminution de l'intensité du signal de flux artériel était recherchée. Les résultats étaient comparés au développement postéro-latéral de la boucle de l'artère vertébrale dans son segment axoïdoatloïdien en position neutre, et à la mesure de l'ouverture angulaire entre l'atlas et l'axis en position dynamique. Sept témoins ont également eu une étude par tomodensitométrie tridimensionnelle (TDM 3D) des rapports osseux de C1 et C2 après rotation. Pour 4 sujets une perturbation du flux de l'artère vertébrale droite était observée dans le foramen transversaire de C2. Elle survenait dans le cas de l'association de 2 facteurs ; une boucle artérielle axoïdo-atloïdienne sous-développée et un angle C1–C2 supérieur à 35° en rotation maximale. Pour les autres sujets, une boucle artérielle bien développée et/ou un angle C1–C2 inférieur à 35° en rotation maximale étaient les facteurs de préservation du flux artériel. Le facteur de risque lié à l'angle C1–C2 semblait corrélé en TDM 3D à la perte du caractère asymétrique habituel de la rotation. Une application clinique est présentée avec un cas associant une dysfonction rotatoire chronique de la jonction crânio-cervicale documentée en TDM 3D et une compression complète de l'artère vertébrale en ARM confirmée en angiographie conventionnelle. La connaissance de ce mécanisme physiopathologique permet en clinique d'orienter son dépistage et d'évaluer le risque de retentissement sur l'artère vertébrale d'une pathologie de la jonction crânio-cervicale.
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to identify the functional anatomic factors involved in the maintenance or disturbance of flow in the vertebral aa. during atlanto-axial rotation. Fourteen healthy volunteers were studied by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) by a three-dimensional sequence in phase contrast centered on the vertebral aa. at the level of the cranio-cervical junction before and after left rotation of the head A decrease in the signal intensity of the arterial flow was sought for. The results were compared to the posterolateral development of the loop of the vertebral a. in its atlanto-axial segment in neutral position, and to the measurement of the angular opening between the atlas and axis in dynamic position. Seven subjects also had a three-dimensional CT study (3D CT) of the bony relations of C1 and C2 after rotation. In 4 subjects a disturbance of flow in the right vertebral a. was observed in the transverse foramen of C2. This occurred when two factors were combined: an under-developed atlanto-axial arterial loop and a C1–C2 angle exceeding 35° in maximal rotation. In the other subjects a well-developed arterial loop and/or a C1–C2 angle of less than 35° in maximal rotation were factors preserving the arterial flow. The risk factor associated with the C1–C2 angle seemed correlated in 3D CT with loss of the usual asymmetric character of rotation. A clinical application is reported with a case combining chronic rotational dysfunction of the cranio-cervical junction as shown by 3D CT and complete compression of the vertebral a. in MRA, confirmed by conventional angiography. A knowledge of this physiopathologic mechanism allows clinical detection and evaluation of the risk of any effect of pathology of the cranio-cervical junction on the vertebral a.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 19 (1997), S. 286-286 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 19 (1998), S. 399-402 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 19 (1997), S. 399-402 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 25 (1973), S. 259-270 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Tuberous Sclerosis ; Electron Microscopy ; Cerebral Biopsy ; Astrocytes ; Cerebral Tumor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The electron microscopic study of a cortical biopsy from a child presenting a Tuberous Sclerosis shows the importance of the astrocytic gliosis, the existence of abnormal cells of which two types can be recognized, and the presence of giant cells. All these cells are remarkable by the abundance of the ergastoplasm, the development of the Golgi apparatus, and the presence of membrane bound dense bodies. These cells are undoubtedly of astrocytic origin and appear very similar to the cells observed in a tumour of the caudate nucleus of another child affected by the same disease. These morphological data lead to believe that the cerebral abnormalities of the Tuberous Sclerosis essentially concern the astrocytes. The main characteristic of this astrocytic lesion would be its blastomatous potentiality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 19 (1971), S. 343-346 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease ; Membrane Fragments ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a human case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, fragments of membranes were seen within some vacuoles. They form accumulations of vesicular or curled structures and have to be differentiated from other membranous profiles that one can observe within the large spongy cavities. They are similar to what have been recently described in the experimental disease but their cellular signification is unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 15 (1993), S. 333-339 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Cervical spine ; Normal rotation ; Computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'anatomie fonctionnelle de la colonne cervicale a principalement été établie in vitro sur cadavre. Notre étude avait pour but de déterminer in vivo, par utilisation de la tomodensitométrie (TDM), les normes fonctionnelles de la rotation axiale de la colonne cervicale. 60 témoins répartis en décades de 20 à 60 ans et au delà ont été explorés. Le protocole TDM comportait une coupe axiale sur la base du crâne (C0) et sur chaque étage vertébral cervical, en position neutre (septum nasal vertical) et au cours de rotations de la tête. Afin d'obtenir une irradiation faible les sujets étaient répartis en deux groupes : 40 sujets étaient explorés de C0 à C5 pour une rotation unilatérale de C0 à 10°, 20° et 40° (20 rotations droites et gauches), 20 sujets étaient explorés de C0 à T1 pour une rotation maximale de C0 à droite et à gauche. La position angulaire d'une vertèbre était définie par son axe antéro-postérieur rapporté, en position neutre à l'axe de C0, et en rotation à son axe initial. A chaque étage vertébral, l'angle moyen de rotation, et sa déviation standard, étaient calculés (n〉30) pour les rotations séquentielles et maximales de C0. La rotation de la colonne cervicale s'effectuait principalement à 2 niveaux; 58 % entre C1 et C2 et 24 % entre C3 et C6. Les doublets vertébraux C0/C1 et C2/C3 formaient des couples fonctionnels. La rotation de la colonne cervicale inférieure était très précoce. Le pourcentage de rotation, par rapport à C0, de chaque vertèbre cervicale était constant au cours des rotations séquentielles. La position neutre des vertèbres sous-atloïdiennes était variable. Les résultats en rotations droite et gauche étaient comparables. Cette étude détermine in vivo la répartition de la rotation axiale de la colonne cervicale à chaque segment vertébral pour des rotations séquentielles et maximales de la base du crâne. Elle permet l'application de cette technique TDM à l'exploration de la pathologie de la rotation de la colonne cervicale.
    Notes: Summary The functional anatomy of the spinal column has mainly been studied in the cadaver. The aim of our study was to determine in vivo the normal axial rotation of the cervical column using computed tomography (CT). Sixty subjects, divided into decades from 20 to 80 years of age were studied. The CT protocol comprised an axial cut at the level of the skull base (C0) and at each vertebral level in the neck, in the neutral position (with the nasal septum vertical) and during rotation of the head. To reduce the exposure to irradiation the subjects were divided into two groups: 40 were studied from C0 to the fifth cervical vertebra (C5) with unilateral rotation at C0 of 10°, 20° and 40° (20 rotations to the left and 20 to the right), and 20 subjects were studied from C0 to the first thoracic vertebra (T1) with a maximum rotation at C0 to left and right. The angular position of a vertebra was defined as the anteroposterior axis with reference in the neutral position to the axis of C0, and in rotation was related to its original axis. At each vertebral level the mean angle of rotation and its standard deviation were calculated (n=30) for the successive intermediate and maximum rotations at C0 level. The rotation of the cervical spine took place mainly at two levels: 58% between C1 and C2 and 24% between C3 and C6. The pairs of vertebrae C0/C1 and C2/C3 provided functional couples where the rotation was minimal. Rotation of the lower cervical spine occurred very early. The percentage of rotation with respect to C0 of each cervical vertebra was constant during the successive rotations. The neutral positions of the vertebrae below the atlas were variable. The findings on rotation to left and to right were comparable. This study determined in vivo the distribution of rotation at each vertebral level of the cervical spine during partial and maximum rotation of the skull base. It facilitates the application of CT to the examination of disorders affecting the rotation of the cervical spinal column.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications 180 (1991), S. 180-183 
    ISSN: 0921-4534
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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