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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dynamics of mast cell secretion studied by vital berberine staining (1984)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 14 (1984), S. 401-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The fluorescent cationic dye berberine in combination with histamine release studies have been used to explore the different steps of the mast cell secretory process. We have previously shown that quantitation of heparin release by the binding of berberine to fixed mast cells can be used as a direct measure of release of granules. This report summarizes recent work using berberine as a vital stain demonstrating the secretory activity of mast cells. After membrane stabilization with polyethylene glycol (PEG) normal mast cells exclude the dye while mast cells stimulated to secretion with polymyxin B show a strongly fluorescent dye binding to individual cytoplasmic granules. The mean fluorescence intensity of the cell populations after vital berberine staining was compared both to heparin and histamine release. The results strongly suggest that berberine, under the vital staining conditions used, is a marker of intracellular granules that have released histamine. The vital staining method was also used to study membrane events following a polymyxin B-induced secretion. The mean fluorescence intensity decreased by 75% during the first hour after the termination of a polymyxin B stimulation while the mast cell content of histamine and heparin remained constant. The findings support the idea that the membranes are rapidly restored after mast cell secretion, permitting a selective amine release without accompanying release of heparin or other matrix components of the granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01973837
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular repository for blood histamine in normal and nematode-infected rats (1985)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 16 (1985), S. 87-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Infections with the nematodeN. brasiliensis is associated with a recruitment of intestinal mucosal mast cells (MMC) which increase greatly in numbers. We have studied histamine levels in the gut, whole blood and plasma in relation to MMC of the gut and blood cell morphology during the course of the infection in an attempt to clarify possible relations between circulating blood basophils and MMC. The results show a parallel increase in MMC numbers and histamine content of the gut, remaining high to day 20 after infection. Blood histamine increased from a control level of 30–40 ng/ml to a maximum of 200 ng/ml on day 12 to 14, but returned towards the control level already on day 16 after infection. There was a corresponding increase in plasma histamine to a maximum of 80 ng/ml. The total number of blood neutrophils increased during the early phase of the infection and there was a pronounced eosinophilia from day 10 to 16. No cells containing metachromatic granules were found in a screening comprised of 10,000 cells per specimen. During day 10 to 16 we found a number of coarsely granuled and vacuolated cells. The granules stained darkly by the Giemsa stain but not metachromatically with Toluidine Blue or with Alcian Blue at a low pH. We interpret this as an equivalent to the so-called toxic granulation occurring in human neutrophils. These cells may have been mistaken for basophils by previous investigators. The cellular repository for the high concentration of histamine in the blood is unknown. We suggest, as a working hypothesis, that it is contained in a circulating progenitor for MMC which has the ability to synthesize and, in a loosely bound state store, histamine, but which has not yet acquired the ability to assemble the specific metachromatic granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01983108
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-differential inhibition of histamine and serotonin release from mast cells by amitryiptyline (1986)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 18 (1986), S. 89-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A differential amine release from mast cells induced by an inhibitory effect of the antidepressant drug amitriptyline on the release of histamine but not on that of serotonin has recently been reported. In view of the potential biological importance of a differential release of mast cell amines we have studied the effect of amitryptyline on the dynamics of the secretory process using a combination of vital berberine staining (demonstrating intracellular granules that have release amines) and measurement of histamine, serotonin (5-HT), and heparin release. The results show a non-differential inhibition of the release of histamine and 5-HT by amitriptyline. The basic pattern of the secretory process, studied in terms of granule extrusion and amine release from intracellular granules, was unaffected by the drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01987991
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serotonin in Human Mast Cells (1963)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 197 (1963), S. 610-611 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1. (x 1,800) Fig. 2. (x 1,800) As is briefly shown here, mast cells occurring in human carcinoid tumours exhibit histochemical reactions suggesting that they contain serotonin. Observations to that effect were made in the course of investigations of the histochemical reactions of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/197610a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two cases of gastric carcinoids: Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects (1988)
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 12 (1988), S. 356-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Deux cas de tumeurs carcinoïdes de l'estomac s'accompagnant d'un syndrome carcinoïde sont rapportés par les auteurs. En raison de l'élévation des taux du 5-HIAA (acide 5 hydroxyindolacétique) le diagnostic de tumeurs carcinoïdes d'origine digestive fut envisagé. L'emploi de la pentagastrine (PG) provoqua un flushing atypique et une broncho-constriction intense plus que probablement provoqués par la libération d'histamine. Une excrétion anormalement élevée du métabolite principal de l'histamine, l'acide acétique téléméthylimidazole (MeImAA) dans l'urine des 2 malades fut mise en évidence. Ils bénéficièrent d'une nette amélioration des symptômes qu'ils présentaient grâce à la prednisolone et au blocage des récépteurs histaminiques. Un des 2 malades accusait une sécrétion excessive de sérotonine (5-HT) et d'histamine; le blocage périphérique des récepteurs 5-HT2 fut de ce fait adjoint au traitement. Ce malade répondit favorablement sur le plan clinique et biochimique à un traitement cystotoxique par la streptozotocine et plus tard par un analogue de la somatostatine. Chez les malades qui sont suspects d'être porteurs d'une tumeur carcinoïde de siège indéterminée l'emploi de la pentagastrine doit être écarté jusqu'à ce que l'excrétion de la MeImAA ait été mise en évidence.
    Abstract: Resumen Se presentan 2 casos de tumores carcinoides gástricos con el síndrome carcinoide del intestino anterior. Los altos niveles urinarios de ácido 5-hidroxiindolacético (5-HIAA) hicieron sospechar la presencia de tumores primarios de origen en el intestino medio. El estímulo con pentagastrina (PG) provocó un “flush” atípico y broncoconstricción severa, muy probablemente causada por liberación de histamina. La excreción excesiva del metabolito principal de la histamina, el ácido tele-metilimidazolacético (MeImAA) fue demostrada en ambos pacientes, y ambos obtuvieron mejoría sintomática con prednisolona y bloqueo de los receptores de histamina. Uno de los pacientes presentó secreción excesiva de serotonina (5-HT) así como de histamina. Por ello se decidió añadir el bloqueo periférico de los receptores 5-HT2 al regimen terapéutico. Este paciente mostró respuesta subjetiva y bioquímica al tratamiento citotóxico con estreptozotocina y ulteriormente respondió bien a un análogo de la somatostatina. Cuando se sospeche de un tumor carcinoide del intestino anterior, o en presencia de pacientes con tumores carcinoides sin ubicación anatómica, la prueba de estímulo con PG no debe ser utilizada hasta cuando se haya determinado la excreción de MeImAA.
    Notes: Abstract Two cases of gastric carcinoid tumors with the foregut carcinoid syndrome are presented. Due to elevated urinary levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), primary tumors of midgut origin were suspected. Provocation with pentagastrin (PG) elicited atypical flushing and severe bronchoconstriction, most probably caused by the release of histamine. Excessive excretion of the main histamine metabolite, tele-methylimidazole acetic acid (MeImAA), in urine of both patients was demonstrated. Both patients had good symptomatic relief with prednisolone and blockade of histamine receptors. One of the patients had excessive secretion of serotonin (5-HT) as well as of histamine. Peripheral blockade of 5-HT2receptors was therefore added to the medical treatment. This patient had a subjective and biochemical response to cytotoxic treatment with streptozotocin and later responded well to a somatostatin analogue. On clinical suspicion of a foregut carcinoid tumor, or in patients with carcinoid tumors without anatomical localization, PG provocation should not be used until the excretion of MeImAA has been determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01655671
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specific methods for detection of 5-hydroxytryptamine in carcinoid tumors (1973)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 358 (1973), S. 35-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Spezifische Methoden für die Bestimmung von 5-Hydroxytryptamin in Carcinoidtumoren. Die Beschaffenheit des pigmentbildenden Materials, welches in Formalin-fixierten Biopsiematerial von Carcinoidtumoren vorkommt, wurde mit histochemischen und mikrospektrofluorometrischen Methoden untersucht. Die am meisten brauchbare Eigenschaft dieses Materials besteht in der gelben Fluorescenz, welche durch Behandlung der Schnitte mit Formaldehydgas gesteigert, durch Natrium-Bor-Wasserstoff-Reduktion aufgehoben und durch eine anschließende Formaldehydbedampfung wieder hergestellt werden kann. Diese und andere Eigenschaften ergeben, daß das pigmentbildende Material eine Mischung aus nicht fluorescierenden Tetrahydro- und fluorescierenden Dihydro-β-Carbolinen darstellt, die auf einer Kondensation von 5-Hydroxytryptamin mit Formaldehyd beruht. Die Borwasserstoff-Formaldehydbedampfungsmethode ist eine brauchbare Technik für die Demonstration von 5-Hydroxytryptamin in Formalin-fixierten Biopsienmaterial, welches mit den Routinemethoden der histologischen Technik bearbeitet worden ist. Die von Hillarp, Falcket. al. entwickelte Fluorescenz-Methode zum Nachweis von Monoaminen, welche lebensfrisches Material für die Gefriertrocknung erfordert, ist jedoch empfindlicher und sollte dann vorgezogen werden, wenn derartiges Frischmaterial für die Untersuchung verfügbar ist.
    Notes: Summary The nature of the chromogenic material occurring in formalin-fixed biopsy specimens of carcinoid tumors has been studied by histochemical and microspectrofluorimetric methods. The most useful property of this material appears to be its yellow fluorescence which can be intensified by treating sections with formaldehyde gas, abolished by sodium borohydride reduction, and regenerated by subsequent formaldehyde gas treatment. This and other properties indicate that the chromogenic material is a mixture of non-fluorescent tetrahydro- and fluorescent dihydro-β-carbolines resulting from the condensation of 5-HT with formaldehyde. The borohydride-formaldehyde gas sequence provides a convenient technique for the demonstration of 5-HT in formalin-fixed biopsy specimens processed by routine histological methods. The fluorescence method for monoamines developed by Hillarp, Falck and coworkers requires fresh material for immediate freezedrying; it is however, more sensitive and should be used in preference when such material is available,
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00555552
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties and distribution of liver fluorescence in porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) (1970)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 350 (1970), S. 293-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The livers of patients with porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) contain preformed porphyrins, demonstrable by fluorescence microscopy due to their red fluorescence. The properties and distribution of the porphyrin fluorescence were studied in fine needle aspiration biopsies and sections from conventional thick needle biopsies using various histological techniques. Contrary to previous reports, the fluorescent porphyrins were found to occur in the cytoplasm of liver cells but in a freely diffusible form necessitating the use of water-free techniques for the demonstration of the correct localization. Freeze-drying and ethanol fixation proved satisfactory but only if the sections were flattened in the dry state. In sections floated on water a redistribution of fluorescent material to nuclei of liver cells, red blood cells and portal connective tissue was observed. A simple screening test based on aspiration biopsy and semiquantitative grading of the fluorescent material is described which should be a useful diagnostic tool in cases of PCT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00578540
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berberine sulphate binding to mast cell polyanions: A cytofluorometric method for the quantitation of heparin (1974)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 42 (1974), S. 301-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A cytofluorometric study on the binding of the fluorescent cationic dye Berberine sulphate to some tissue anions is reported. Measurements were performed on peritoneal cells and on models containing heparin or DNA. The dye was found to be suitable for cytofluorometric quantitation of heparin. At pH 4 a staining equilibrium was established when the dye apparently binds selectively to phosphate and sulphate containing polyanions. Binding to DNA was more resistant to salt extraction than the binding to heparin. Blocking experiments demonstrated that most of the heparin sulphate of mast cells was available for dye binding while the phosphate groups of nuclear DNA were largely blocked by basic protein groups. The fluorescence resulting from binding to nucleic acids was estimated to be 2% or less of the fluorescence intensity of an average mast cell. Model experiments demonstrated a linear relationship between the amount of heparin and the intensity of fluorescence. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the dye had a slightly higher emission maximum when bound to heparin than to DNA indicating that the dye binds to heparin in an associated molecular form. The study also revealed some interesting, although yet unexplained differences in the properties of the resulting fluorescence when the dye was bound to different polyanions. Heparin-bound Berberine sulphate showed a rapid exponential fading upon continuous illumination, both in models and in mast cells, while the DNA bound dye showed a slow increase in fluorescence intensity during continuous illumination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00492678
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A tissue model for the study of cell proliferation parameters in vivo (1976)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 47 (1976), S. 207-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An intact tissue model which can be used for detailed microscopic studies, quantitative cytochemical analysis and biochemical analysis has been explored, using a number of cell proliferation parameters. The preparations consist of mesenterial “windows” from rats dispersed on object slides. A technique for determining, in one and the same preparation, DNA content and mitotic activity of individual, selected cell types, and DNA synthesis in terms of incorporation of tritiated thymidine into DNA is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00489963
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake of 5-Hydroxytryptamine by mast cells in vivo: A cytofluorometric study of mast cells and individual mast cell granules (1977)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 53 (1977), S. 193-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Uptake, distribution and turnover of 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was studied by cytofluorometric analysis of whole mast cells and individual granules. Injection of 5-HT as well as 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) intraperitoneally or subcutaneously resulted in a parallel uptake of 5-HT in cells and granules. Intraperitoneal injections of 5-HT in such small quantities that may be available under physiological conditions resulted in an increase in fluorescence intensity of the mast cells, indicating a very efficient uptake mechanism for 5-HT in vivo. Much larger doses of 5-HTP were required to obtain a corresponding uptake of 5-HT in the mast cells. The 5-HT was rather rapidly taken up in the granules and eliminated very slowly, at the same rate both from granules and mast cells. The low elimination rate confirms our previous findings that the turnover of 5-HT is much lower in mast cells than in other amine containing cell systems. The combination of an extremely efficient, rapid uptake of 5-HT with a slow elimination suggests a specific function for mast cells in the regulation of free amine concentrations in tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00511075
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