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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 25 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The macrophage-stimulating properties of some structurally related polysaccharides were studied in vitro. When the polysaccharides were presented to the macrophages in a sterically fixed form, i.e. as microparticles, they induced the release of interleukin 1 (IL-1) from the macrophages. Microparticulate 1.3-β-glucan (curdlan) induced nonspecific macrophage mediated tumour cell killing while l.4-α-glucan (starch), 1.6-α-glucan (dextran), and 1.6-α-mannan were without effect. The corresponding soluble polysaccharides did not stimulate the macrophages. Kinetic studies showed that although IL-1 was released immediately after stimulation, the macrophages needed a time lag of several days to develop tumour cytotoxicity. The development of cytotoxicity paralleled binding of tumour cells to the macrophages. Resident and inflammatory peritoneal macrophages showed differences in their responses to the polysaccharides. Stationary, resident peritoneal macrophages stimulated by macroparticles secreted high levels of IL-1 but expressed a low cytotoxic activity, while newly recruited inflammatory macrophages released lower levels of IL-1 but readily killed the tumour cells. The influence of cyclo-oxygenase products on the IL-1 release and macrophage cytotoxicity was also investigated. When cyclo-oxygenase was blocked with indomethacin, a significantly higher release of IL-1, and then an increased cytotoxicity, were obtained with 1.3-β-glucan stimulated macrophages. The results suggest that microparticulate polysaccharides may be useful for studies on the induction of macrophage differentiation and also for studies on nonspecific cellular immune responses in vitro and in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 10 (1972), S. 216-222 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Callus ; Osteoclast ; Endocytosis ; Lysosomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La bordure en brosse des ostéoclastes de cals de fractures de rats présente des plissements complexes de la membrane cytoplasmique formant des canaux étroits. L'absorption d'un produit exogène opaque aux électrons (des macromolécules de dioxyde de thorium) s'effectue par l'intermédiaire de ces canaux, par un «courant» membranaire. Les contenus des canaux sont transférés à des lysosomes («granules spécifiques»), situés sous la bordure en brosse. Dans des «régions de transition», adjacentes à cette dernière, l'absorption de dioxyde de thorium se fait par «vésiculation membranaire» (endocytose classique).
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Der gekrauste Rand der Osteoklasten im Frakturcallus von Ratten besteht aus komplexen Einstülpungen der Plasmamembran, die enge Kanälchen bildet. Die Absorption einer exogenen, elektronisch dichten Verbindung, Thoriumdioxyd, erfolgt durch diese Kanäle, offenbar durch einen „Membranfluß”. Der Inhalt der Kanäle wird zu den Lysosomen („spezifische Granula”) geführt, welche unter dem gekrausten Rand liegen. In „Übergangsgebieten”, welche sich neben dem gekrausten Rand befinden, scheint die Aufnahme der Thoriumdioxydpartikel durch „Bläschenbildung in der Membran” (konventionelle Endocytose) stattzufinden.
    Notes: Abstract The ruffled border of osteoclasts in the fracture callus of rat consists of complex infoldings of the plasma membrane forming narrow channels. Absorption of an exogenous, electron-dense compound, thorium dioxide, has been shown to take place via these channels, apparently through “membrane flow”. The contents of the channels are transferred to lysosomes (“specific granules”) located subjacent to the ruffled border. In “transitional regions” adjacent to the ruffled border, uptake of thorium dioxide particles appeared to occur through “membrane vesiculation” (conventional endocytosis).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of insulin binding sites in Leydig cells dispersed with collagenase from rat testes was studied using insulin-coated gold particles as an electron opaque ligand. Using electron microscope is convenient to distinguish Leydig cells among a variety of cells in crude preparations by their ultrastructural characteristics. Leydig cells were shown to possess insulin-binding sites on their plasma membranes. Initial binding sites of insulin were located to the microvillous surfaces. Following binding, receptor-ligand complexes seemed to move to the intermicrovillous plasma membrane, then to be internalized. Two modes of the internalization were confirmed. Most of the receptor-ligand complexes on Leydig cells appeared to be internalized via large, uncoated plasma membrane invaginations, while the remainder became internalized via small pits into vesicles. The receptor-ligand complexes were subsequently transferred to large subsurface vacuoles with electron-lucent lumens believed to correspond to endosomes. The reason why IGCs on the postendosomal pathway moving toward lysosomes was also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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