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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutations in the yeast kinesin-like Cin8p are alleviated by osmotic support (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 244 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Loss of function of Cin8p (a yeast kinesin-like motor protein) in the absence of either Kip1p (a motor of the same family) or Dyn1p (the dynein heavy chain) is lethal. We report that cin8 mutants are sensitive to the cell wall disrupting agents calcofluor white and SDS. Conditionally lethal double mutants containing the temperature sensitive allele cin8-3 in a background deletion of either kip1 or dyn1 grew normally at the restrictive temperature when osmolytes such as sorbitol were added to the medium. Sorbitol could not alleviate the sensitivity of cin8 mutants to calcofluor and SDS. However, it rendered cells more resistant to the microtubule depolymerizing drugs benomyl and thiabendazole (TBZ). Our findings reveal a novel interaction between mitotic motor proteins and the cell wall and suggest that the induction of signaling pathways aimed at maintaining the cell wall suppresses phenotypes of mutations in microtubule-associated motor proteins through stabilization of microtubules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.02.009
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional dissection of the dynein motor domain (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 32 (1995), S. 133-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cytoplasmic dynein ; motor domain ; mutational analysis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The highly conserved lysine residue in the putative hydrolytic ATP-binding motif of the yeast cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain was replaced with leucine. The mutation was generated by a two-stage transformation method designed for genomic site-directed mutagenesis. Preliminary observations show that the effects of this alteration on the cellular roles of dynein are indistinguishable from those of a disruption mutation in which the entire motor domain is not expressed. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970320213
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New evidence for a “biased baseline” mechanism for calcium-regulated asymmetry of flagellar bending (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 160-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: flagella ; asymmetric beating ; sea urchin ; Ciona ; Chlamydomonas ; switching mechanism ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Time-averaged data covering six to ten beat cycles for ATP-reactivated spermatozoa of a sea urchin and Ciona, and from a uniflagellate mutant of Chlamydomonas, were analyzed to obtain parameters of oscillation and mean shear angle at each point along the flagellum. The mean shear angles usually show a sharp change near the base of Ihc flagellum. This sharp basal change in angle is correlated with perceived asymmetry in the development times of principal and reverse bends when these bends are measured directly from the asymmetric bending patterns, without subtracting out the mean shear angle. The asymmetry in development times was previously considered to be evidence against a “biased baseline” mechanism for asymmetric bending waves, in which completely symmetric bending waves develop and propagate on a curved flagellum. Our analysis now shows that the asymmetry in development times can be fully explained by the presence of a sharp static bend near the base of the flagellum, which can confuse the determination of the times of initiation of new bends at the base of the flagellum. Our reinterpretation of these data removes previous objections to the “biased baseline” mechanism for the regulation of bending wave asymmetry by calcium, and supports other evidence favoring a biased baseline mechanism, rather than a “biased switching” mechanism.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970070208
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the average shape of flagellar bends: A gradient curvature model (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 9 (1988), S. 312-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: flagella ; sea urchin spermatozoa ; waveform analysis ; Ciona spermatozoa ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Data obtained by manual digitization of photographs of flagellar bending waves have been analyzed by determining size parameters for the bends by least-squares fitting of a model waveform. These parameters were then used to normalize the data so that the average shape of the bends could be determined. Best fits were obtained with a model waveform derived from the constant curvature waveforms used previously but with provision for a linear change in curvature across the central region of the bend-the gradient curvature model (GCM). The central regions of the GCM bending waves are separated by transition regions with length determined by a parameter called the truncation factor (FT). Fitting the GCM to sine-generated bending waves give optimal fit when FT = 0.34. Fitting the GCM to four different samples of flagellar bending waves gave best fits with values of FT ranging from 0.17 for ATP-reactivated Lytechinus spermatozoa beating at approximately 10 Hz to 0.32 for live spermatozoa of Arbacia. The difference between the Arbacia waveforms and a sine-generated waveform is therefore very small, but a sine-generated waveform lacks the degree of freedom represented by FT that is required to fit other waveforms optimally.The residual differences between the waveform data and optimal GCM waveforms were averaged and found to be small. In most cases, the curvature in the central region of the optimal GCM decreased in magnitude towards the tip of the flagellum; however, this slope was highly variable and sometimes positive. Significant variations in both this slope and FT were found in individual bends as they propagated along a flagellum.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970090404
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    External mechanical control of the timing of bend initiation in sea urchin sperm flagella (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 416-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: wave parameters ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The movement parameters of a sea urchin sperm flagellum can be manipulated mechanically by applying various modes of periodic vibrations to the sperm head held by suction in the tip of a micropipette. The beat frequency of the flagellum readily synchronizes with the frequency of the externally imposed lateral vibration, and the plane of flagellar bending waves adapts itself to the plane of the pipette vibration (Gibbons et al., J. Cell Biol. 101:270a, 1985; Nature 325: 351-352, 1987). In this study, we observed the particular effects of external asymmetric forces on flagellar beating parameters by vibrating the micropipette holding the sperm head in a transverse sawtooth-like motion composed of a rapid effective stroke and a slower recovery stroke, while keeping the vibration frequency constant. The results demonstrate that the timing of bend initiation within the flagellar beat cycle can be controlled mechanically by changing the time point within the vibration cycle at which the micropipette changes its direction of motion. A switch in the sidedness of the asymmetric movement of the micropipette produces dramatic changes in the profiles of bend growth in the basal 5 μm of the flagellum but has almost no effect on the asymmetry or other parameters of bending in the mid- and distal regions of the flagellum. Our results suggest that elastic strain within the basal region of the flagellar structure may play a more significant role in the process of bend initiation than has been realized heretofore.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140311
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