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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural and permeability characteristics of retinal vessels in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (1988)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 226 (1988), S. 559-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ultrastructure and permeability of retinal arterioles, venules, and capillaries located near the optic disc of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats were studied using electron microscopy and tracer cytochemistry. A variety of structural changes were observed in arterioles of SHRSP. They include (1) narrowing of the lumen due to smooth muscle hyperplasia and/or fragmentation and thickening of the basal lamina, (2) fusiform aneurysms containing degenerated smooth muscle cells and reduplicated basal lamina, and (3) the presence of microfilament bundles under the luminal surface of the endothelium. In addition, the wall of venules was thickened due to accumulation of basal lamina material. Many capillary pericytes were also degenerated. Retinal vessels of age-matched normotensive rats did not show such changes. In SHRSP, after injection of peroxidase, extravasation of tracer was seen occasionally in retinal capillaries and in the central retinal vein at the optic nerve head. No changes in vascular permeability were observed in the normotensive rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02169205
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The breakdown of isolated yolk granules by cations (1954)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 43 (1954), S. 79-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01247950
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier in S-antigen-induced uveoretinitis in rats (1991)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 229 (1991), S. 457-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis was induced in Lewis rats by footpad injection of purified, bovine retinal soluble antigen (S-antigen) with complete Freund's adjuvant. Control animals received adjuvant only. At the peak of ocular inflammation the animals received an intravenous injection of the tracer horseradish peroxidase, and the eyes were removed and processed for peroxidase cytochemistry. A breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier occurred at the level of the retinal venules. Peroxidase reaction product was demonstrable in the interendothelial tight junctions and in the perivascular spaces. Heavy infiltration of inflammatory cells was also found in and around the venular wall. The endothelial cells of venules and capillaries were hypertrophied and showed swollen endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus as well as increased numbers of ribosomes and cytoplasmic fibrils; pericytes and smooth-muscle cells showed a similar synthetic phenotype and the basal lamina of these cells was thickened.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00166310
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ demonstration of actin in normal and injured ocular tissues using 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole phallacidin (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 2 (1982), S. 343-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: NBD-phallacidin ; actin ; ocular tissues ; wound repair ; stress fibers ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The fluorescent derivative of the actin-binding toxin phallacidin, 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3 diazole phallacidin, has been used to cytologically demonstrate the presence of actin in lens epithelium, corneal endothelium, and retinal pigment epithelium. In these noninjured tissues, no stress fibers are observed and fluorescence is confined mainly to an area at or near the cell membrane, although some diffuse cytoplasmic staining can also be seen. However, following injury to either the lens epithelium or corneal endothelium of rats and frogs, stress fibers are detected, but only in those cells that migrate into the wound area. Cells on the periphery of each tissue do not partake in would repair and thus maintain their normal appearance. After the tissue has regenerated, stress fibers disappear, and those cells involved in the injury response return to their normal morphology.When rabbit corneal endothelium is placed in tissue culture, stress fibers are observed as the cells migrate away from the initial explant. Upon reaching confluency, these cells spread out and each is surrounded by thick actin-containing bands. Furthermore, they exhibit some stress cables within their cytoplasm. This is in contrast to their appearance in vivo where stress fibers are absent and fluorescence is limited to a region near the cell membrane.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970020404
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and permeability to ferritin of the choriocapillary endothelium of the rat eye (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 208 (1980), S. 21-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Capillary ; Endothelium ; Ferritin ; Permeability ; Rat eye
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The choriocapillaris is the fenestrated capillary network that supplies a large portion of the nutrients required by the retinal pigment epithelium, photoreceptor cells, and other cells of the outer neural retina. The permeability of these capillaries was investigated in the rat by the use of ferritin (mol. wt. approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 110Å) as a tracer. Ninety minutes after intravascular ferritin administration, a high concentration of tracer particles was distributed uniformly in the capillary lumina but few particles were present in Bruch's membrane, the multilayered basement membrane that separates the choriocapillary endothelium from the retinal pigment epithelium. The bulk of the tracer remained in the capillary lumina with a definite blockage seen at fenestral, channel, and vesicle diaphragms. These results indicate that the rat choriocapillary endothelium, unlike the fenestrated endothelia lining other capillary beds, constitutes an important barrier to the passage of ferritin and presumably of circulating native molecules of similar size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234169
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 231 (1983), S. 571-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Capillary ; Endothelium ; Ferritin ; Permeability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218115
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Actin, myosin, and laminin localization in retinal vessels of the rat (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 244 (1986), S. 583-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retinal vessels ; Actin ; Myosin ; Laminin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Actin, myosin, and laminin have been localized in retinal vessels of normal rats by fluorescence microscopy. Actin was localized with the fluorescent F-actin binding toxin nitrobenzoxadiazole phallacidin (NBD-Ph). Indirect immunofluorescence was used to localize myosin and laminin. In addition, laminin localization was also performed with the Protein A-horseradish peroxidase (PA-HRP) method. NBD-Ph staining gave strong fluorescence in both retinal capillaries and larger vessels. Anti-myosin fluorescence could also be observed in trypsin digests of the retinal vasculature. Strong fluorescence of PA-HRP reaction product could be detected in the walls of vessels exposed to antilaminin antibody. Actin distribution in vessels of the RCS rat with inherited retinal degeneration (retinal dystrophic RCS rat) was also studied. After exposure to NBD-Ph, all capillaries showed fluorescence. However, it was more intense in many of the capillaries in the outer retina, which also appeared morphologically abnormal. Electron microscopy of retinal capillaries fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde containing 8% tannic acid revealed numerous micro filaments in the pericyte cytoplasm amd some in the basal portion of endothelial cells. In pericytes, these microfilaments are in close association with the endothelial side of the cell. Tangential sections through this region indicate that these filaments may be anchored to the membrane at this site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212537
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface-associated vesicles in retinal arterioles and venules (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 245 (1986), S. 431-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retina ; Arteriole ; Venule ; Tannic acid ; Peroxidase ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The surface-associated vesicles in retinal arterioles and venules were studied after fixation in glutaraldehyde-tannic acid or after intravitreal injection of peroxidase or lactoperoxidase. The vesicles were concentrated along the abluminal (basal) surface of the endothelial cells and along the plasma membranes of smooth muscle cells in arterioles and of pericytes in post-capillary venules. They were rarely encountered in the deeper regions of these cells. In perpendicular sections through the cell surface the majority of vesicles were in continuity with the plasma membrane whereas in tangential sections, they appeared to lie “free” in the cytoplasm. All such vesicles were labeled after exposure to tannic acid or to the heme-proteins. Peroxidase-reaction product was never seen in the lumen of the vessels. These observations suggest that the surface vesicles in endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and pericytes are invaginations of the plasma membrane and are thus not involved in the transcytosis or endocytosis of proteins. The vesicles in the latter two cell types may be involved in some aspect of contractility rather than pinocytosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213951
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma membrane-associated vesicles in retinal capillaries of the rat (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 174 (1985), S. 161-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The structure and function of abluminal vesicles in endothelial cells of rat retinal capillaries was examined using glutaraldehyde - tannic acid fixation and the hemeproteins - horseradish peroxidase, microperoxidase, and lactoperoxidase - as tracers. Numerous vesicles, delimited by a tannic acid - positive membrane, were distributed along the abluminal front. Other vesicles were arranged in clusters and chains or tubule-like structures. Such vesicles were not found in the vicinity of the capillary lumen. When the retina was exposed to hemeproteins, either in vitro or after intravitreal injection, the abluminal vesicles became labeled with tracer reaction product. Apparently “free” vesicles and tubules seen in tangential sections through the basal lamina were also labeled, suggesting that they were in continuity with the plasma membrane in another plane of section. No enzyme reaction product was present in the capillary lumen. Peroxidase-positive multivesicular bodies were observed, suggesting that some protein was endocytosed and directed to lysosomes where it was presumably degraded. The results suggest that abluminal endothelial vesicles represent pits or invaginations of the plasma membrane and, as such, are not involved in the transendothelial transport of protein from the perivascular space to the capillary lumen. Tannic acid treatment revealed a population of similar vesicles associated with the plasma membrane of pericytes. After exposure to hemeproteins, enzyme reaction product was localized in these vesicles and in a few multivesicular bodies. The results suggest that the majority of these vesicles are in continuity with the plasma membrane and are not involved in endocytosis.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001740206
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Permeability of the neonatal rat choriocapillaris to hemeproteins and ferritin (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 164 (1982), S. 333-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The permeability of the endothelium of the capillaries of the rat choriocapillaris to circulating macromolecules was examined during the first postnatal week of development using hemeproteins of different molecular dimensions and ferritin. At this stage of development capillaries and photoreceptor cells in the neural retina are not fully formed, but the choriocapillaris has an adult-like morphology. Thus, through these differences in neural and vascular architectures the possible functional relationships between the retina and choriocapillaris can be explored. High levels of horseradish peroxidase [Einstein-Stokes radius (ESR) 3 nm] activity were localized in Bruch's membrane within 2 minutes after intravenous tracer injection. In contrast, scant levels of hemoglobin (ESR, 3.2 nm) and no catalase (ESR, 5.2 nm) activity were observed here at 75 and 90 minutes, respectively. Only a few ferritin particles (ESR, 6.1 nm) crossed the choriocapillary endothelium after a 90-minute circulation. The results demonstrate that in the neonatal rat the choriocapillaris has the same restrictive properties as have been described for the adult eye (Pino and Essner, 1980, 1981), even in the absence of retinal capillaries and functional photoreceptor cells.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001640404
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