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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morbillivirus ecology in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) (2000)
    Springer
    Polar biology 23 (2000), S. 474-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) morbillivirus infection was initially reported by Follmann and co-workers in 1996, based upon serologic results using canine distemper virus (CDV). The impetus for the evaluation of polar bear populations for morbillivirus infections was prompted by epidemics of canine distemper-like disease in seal populations in the north Atlantic regions of Greenland, Europe, and Russia. Since marine morbilliviruses have been further characterized into three major species, phocine distemper virus (PDV), dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) and porpoise morbillivirus (PMV), it was of value to determine the origin of the polar bear infection. One hundred serum samples were selected from a group of sera collected from regions of Alaska and Russia and tested by differential serum neutralization assay against the three major marine morbilliviruses and CDV, to determine the predominant virus infecting the polar bear. Polar bears had higher serum antibody titers to CDV than they did to PDV, DMV, and PMV. These data suggest that polar bears are being infected with a morbillivirus of terrestrial origin. Furthermore, based on the high serum antibody prevalence in the population, the virus may be indigenous to the polar bear and not necessarily the result of interspecies transmission from other arctic mammals susceptible to CDV and/or marine morbilliviruses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000000108
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological and pathological consequences of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in the cheetah (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 102 (1988), S. 155-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An epizootic of feline infectious peritonitis in a captive cheetah population during 1982–1983 served to focus attention on the susceptibility of the cheetah (Acinoyx jubatus) to infectious disease. Subsequent observations based upon seroepidemiological surveys and electron microscopy of fecal material verified that cheetahs were indeed capable of being infected by coronaviruses, which were antigenically related to coronaviruses affecting domestic cats, i.e. feline infectious peritonitis virus/feline enteric coronavirus. Coincident with the apparent increased susceptibility of the cheetah to infectious diseases, were observations that the cheetah was genetically unusual insofar as large amounts of enzyme-encoding loci were monomorphic, and that unrelated cheetahs were capable of accepting allogenic skin grafts. These data provided the basis for a hypothesis that the cheetah, through intensive inbreeding, had become more susceptible to viral infections as a result of genetic homogeneity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01310822
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature-sensitive mutants of measles virus produced from persistently infected HeLa cells (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 53 (1977), S. 121-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A persistent infection with the Edmonston strain of measles virus was established in HeLa cells in the absence of measles virus antibody (HeLaPI cells). By hemadsorption or immunofluorescence virtually 100 per cent of the cells possessed measles virus components. HeLaPI cells produced no interferon and were not resistant to superinfection with Newcastle disease virus. HeLaPI cells contained both smooth (15–18 nm) and rough (20–35 nm) nucleocapsids as detected by electron microscopy. The virus produced from the HeLaPI cells (MVPI) varied in titer between 1.5 × 102 and 5.5 × 104 PFU/ml, had a smaller plaque size and was more heat resistant than wild-type measles virus. MVPI was also found to be temperature-sensitive. The temperature-sensitivity of MVPI was determined by the efficiency of plaquing at 33° and 39° C in Vero cell monolayers. When HeLaPI cells were incubated at 33° C, there was a 50-fold increase in virus production as well as a slight increase in the percentage of cells forming infectious centers compared to HeLaPI cells grown at 37° C. MVPI readily established a persistent infection in HeLa cells which also released temperature-sensitive virus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01314853
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hamster brain tumor cells persistently infected with measles-subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 53 (1977), S. 275-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A persistent infection was established in a cell line derived from a hamster brain tumor (HBT) with the HBS strain of measles-subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) virus. The persistently infected cells (HBT-M) were studied with regard to their growthin vitro and their transplantabilityin vivo. Although the growth of the HBT-M cells paralleled that of the HBT cellsin vitro their transplantability was decreased in weanling hamsters. Hydrocortisone treatment of the hamsters abrogated the lowered transplantability restoring the tumorproducing capacity to levels comparable to the HBT cells. The decreased cell growth of the HBT-M cellsin vivo was attributed to the acquisition of measles virus (MV) antigens and the host immune response directed against these new antigens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01314673
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of newly recognized caliciviruses of the dog and mink (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 76 (1983), S. 257-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two recently recognized viruses obtained from a dog with glossitis and from mink with hemorrhagic pneumonia were characterized by electron microscopy. The results of the negative-stained preparations indicated that the viruses were structurally compatible with the calicivirus group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01311109
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular pathogenesis of equine coital exanthema (ECE): Temperature sensitivity (TS) and restriction endonuclease (RE) fragment profiles of several field isolates (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 92 (1987), S. 293-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Examination of six field isolates of equine herpesvirus 3, the causative agent of equine coital exanthema, indicates that all were temperature sensitive (ts) at the body temperature, 39° C, of their host (Equine asinus andcallabus) when grown in cell culture. The isolates were characterized by finger-print analysis with the restriction endonucleases XbaI, EcoRI, BamHI and Hind III to establish possible epidemiologic relatedness. Three of the six isolates may be considered related. Variation in the mobility of the BamHI-A and Hind III-K fragments indicates that a small plaque isolate may contain a 5.7 kb insert of DNA in the unique short region of the genome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01317485
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical and antigenic characterization of feline herpesvirus-1-like isolates from dogs (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 89 (1986), S. 57-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The DNA and polypeptide patterns of feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1), a virus usually associated with feline respiratory infections, were compared to those of five herpesvirus isolates from dogs. These canine isolates had been shown to be antigenically similar to FHV-1 by cross neutralization tests. DNA from FHV-1 (C-27 strain) and each canine isolate was digested with either Bam H I, Eco R 1 or Sal I and analyzed on 0.8 per cent agarose gels. The restriction digest patterns of the canine isolates were nearly identical to C-27 for all three restriction enzymes. Interestingly, all of the canine isolates showed a small extension of the largest Bam H I fragment (14.5 kb) that was not present in the C-27 strain. Bam H I digested FHV-1 DNA from clinical cases in cats had digest patterns that were very similar to the canine isolates and also showed an extension of the 14.5 kb fragment. Southern blotting experiments revealed that DNA from the canine isolates has extensive homology to C-27 DNA. SDS-PAGE analysis of radiolabeled polypeptides from C-27 and the canine isolates showed identical virion-associated polypeptide profiles. In addition, a goat anti-FHV-1 antiserum precipitated three glycoprotein antigens from the canine isolates with migration patterns that were identical to the three major antigenic glycoproteins found on C-27. Hind III and Eco R 1 digestion patterns of canine herpesvirus DNA showed no similarity to C-27 DNA. In addition, canine herpesvirus DNA had no homology to C-27 DNA under the stringent conditions used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01309879
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of an encephalitogenic canine parainfluenza virus (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 68 (1981), S. 165-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An isolate of canine parainfluenza (CPI) virus from the cerebrospinal fluid of a dog with neurological dysfunction was characterizedin vitro in comparison to a prototype strain of CPI virus, D008. The virus, designated 78–238 was found to be antigenically related to CPI virus (Manhatten strain) and simian virus 5 (SV5), but not to mumps virus (Enders strain). Ultrastructural observation of gradient-purified 78–238 virus revealed enveloped pleomorphic virions with helical nucleocapsid symmetry. Preliminary pathological studies indicated that 78–238 virus was encephalitogenic for gnotobiotic dogs when inoculated by the intracerebral route.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01314569
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antigenic and biological diversity of feline coronaviruses: feline infectious peritonitis and feline enteritis virus (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 96 (1987), S. 29-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antigenically related feline coronaviruses cause two distinct disease manifestations in infected cats. The diseases are feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), in which the virus is widely disseminated, and feline enteric coronavirus (FECV), a mild disease in which the virus is usually limited to the villi. These two viruses were found to differ in their growth in cell culture. FIPV grows to higher titer, forms larger plaques and switches off host cell protein synthesis more effectively than FECV. Cross neutralization studies showed antigenic differences between the strains. There also appeared to be a difference in the nucleoprotein molecular weight of the viruses causing these two different disease syndromes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01310988
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