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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluids and jellies of the acusticolateralis system in relation to body fluids in Coryphaenoides rupestris and other fishes (1972)
    Springer
    Marine biology 17 (1972), S. 180-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The marine deep-water fish Coryphaenoides rupestris has a lymph-like fluid in its large cranial lateral-line canals. A similar canal endolymph is also found in a few other fishes possessing closed lateral-line canals. We have analysed, chemically, the canal endolymph from 3 species of teleosts. In C. rupestris, the ionic composition resembles that of blood plasma, but the content of potassium is slightly lower. In Lota lota, the canal endolymph has a high potassium concentration, as does the inner-ear endolymph. In Glyptocephalus cynoglossus, the ionic composition of the canal endolymph resembles sea water. In all species, the concentrations of glucose and protein are much lower than in the blood plasma. Analyses were further made on endolymph and perilymph of the inner ear, on jelly-like material from the acusticolateralis system, and on body fluids from a small number of fish species, even elasmobranchs and a holocephalan. The water phase of the cupulae of the lateral-line system of C. rupestris had an ionic composition similar to that of the endolymph surrounding the cupulae. High potassium and low values for glucose and protein were found in the inner-ear endolymph of all species investigated. No carbonic anhydrase activity was found in the lateral-line system of C. rupestris, whereas a low activity of this enzyme was found in the inner ear of Gadus morrhua. The investigation shows that the composition of the fluids in contact with the mechano-receptors of the lateral-line system differs between different species of fishes. A few observations were made on the structural organization of the cranial lateral-line system in C. rupestris.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347309
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lysozyme and chitinase in blood and lymphomyeloid tissues of marine fish (1976)
    Springer
    Marine biology 36 (1976), S. 277-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The enzyme lysozyme (muramidase) has a degrading effect on chitin, but chitinase is more effective in this respect. Both enzymes occur in fish, but their distribution and function are poorly known. Activities of lysozyme and chitinase were measured in body fluids and tissues of marine fish. Lysozyme was estimated by a plate method, chitinase by a viscosimetric method with glycol chitin as substrate. pH optima and other characteristics were studied. Lysozyme was found in lymphomyeloid (haematopoietic) tissues of chondrichtyan fish (rays, shark, Chimaera monstrosa) and in the plasma and lymph of certain teleosts. Chitinase occurred in lymphomyeloid tissues (except thymus) of chondrichthyans and teleosts, and in the plasma and lymph of teleosts. The results indicate that these enzymes are normal components of fish blood. Probably they are produced by the granulocytes, white blood corpuscles rich in lysosomes. The enzymes might have defence functions in fish blood. Lysozyme is bacteriolytically active while chitinase possibly offers protection against chitincontaining parasites. Very high chitinase activity was found in the pancreas of C. monstrosa. The pancreatic enzyme probably has a digestive function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389289
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lysozyme, chitinase and exo-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) in lymphomyeloid tissue of marine fishes (1979)
    Springer
    Marine biology 53 (1979), S. 311-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Lymphomyeloid (haemopoietic) tissues produce or store blood cells — among these leucocytes rich in lysosomal enzymes. The thymus, unlike the other lymphomyeloid tissues found in fish, produces exclusively lymphocytes. The carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzymes lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17), chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14) and exo-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase; EC 3.2.1.30) were assayed in various lymphomyeloid tissues of the cartilaginous fish Chimaera monstrosa, Squalus acanthias, Etmopterus spinax and Raja radiata, and in the thymus of the marine teleost Lophius piscatorius. Lysozyme activity was high in the cranial lymphomyeloid tissue of C. monstrosa; in Leydig's organ (oesophageal lymphomyeloid tissue) and the spleen from E. spinax; and in Leydig's organ, the epigonal organ and the spleen from R. radiata. Little or no lysozyme activity was found in Leydig's organ and the epigonal organ of S. acanthias, or in the thymus of C. monstrosa, R. radiata and L. piscatorius. The pH optima for lysozyme activities lay between 4.8 and 5.4 when assayed photometrically. Chitinase was most active at pH 1 in Leydig's organ from R. radiata, and at pH 2.7 in the epigonal organ from S. acanthias. The chitinolytic activity in Leydig's organ of E. spinax may be due to lysozyme. The optimum for NAGase activity in Leydig's organ from R. radiata lay at pH 4.0, that from S. acanthias and E. spinax at pH 4.5. The role of the enzymes in the defense against microorganisms and parasites is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391613
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chitinolytic enzymes in the digestive system of marine fishes (1979)
    Springer
    Marine biology 53 (1979), S. 317-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chitinase, exo-N-acetyl-β-D-glycosaminidase (NAGase) and lysozyme activities were assayed in the digestive tract of 6 species of marine fishes: Myxine glutinosa (cyclostome), Chimaera monstrosa (holocephalan), Squalus acanthias, Etmopterus spinax, Raja radiata (elasmobranchs) and Coryphaenoides rupestris (teleost). Strong chitinase activity was found in the gastric mucosa of the elasmobranchs (S. acanthias, E. spinax and R. radiata) and the teleost (Coryphaenoides rupestris). A remarkably high chitinase activity occurred in the pancreas of the stomachless holocephalan fish Chimaera monstrosa. NAGase activity was strong in the digestive tract of all species. It could be concluded that marine fishes with diets consisting largely of chitinous invertebrates may display high chitinase and NAGase activities in their digestive system; however, only low chitinase activity was found in the intestine of the cyclostome Myxine glutinosa. Coryphaenoides rupestris gastric mucosa chitinase had one optimum activity at pH 1.25, whereas S. acanthias chitinase had two optima, at pH 1.6 and 3.6. The NAGase pH-activity curves from S. acanthias and R. radiata gastric mucosa displayed similar optima, at pH 4.5 and 4.25 respectively. Chimaera monstrosa pancreatic chitinase had a very strong optimum around pH 8 to 10, and one less strong at pH 3. These enzyme activities could not be separated by gel filtration or isoelectric focusing. The pI (isoelectric point) was approximately 4.9 for both enzymes. The molecular weight of the C. monstrosa pancreatic chitinase was estimated to be approximately 43 000. Lysozyme activity was absent or extremely weak in the material studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391614
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osmoregulation in Chimæroid Fishes (1962)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 196 (1962), S. 689-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A chimseroid fish, Hydrolagus colliei, is stated to have a blood, which is slightly hypo-osmotic to sea-water (freezing point depression = 1-49), but this needs to be re-investigated5. We have analysed blood plasma of Chimaera monstrosa for sodium, potassium, chloride and urea. The fishes were ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/196689a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell types and interactions in the spleen of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula L.: an electron microscopic study (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 21 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The cell composition of the spleen of the dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula L. was investigated by electron microscopy. It comprised areas of red and white blood cells. The red cells were observed in various stages of development and the spleen is probably the main erythropoietic organ, it is likely that thrombocytes are also produced in the spleen. The presence of plasma cells, and the appearance of rosette-like contacts between lymphocytes and phagocytic cells, probably macrophages, indicated that immunological processes were taking place. Destruction of effete blood cells, primarily erythrocytes, was indicated by the presence of macrophages containing residues of ingested blood cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1982.tb02869.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural studies on the thymus of the dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula L. (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 25 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Histological and ultrastructural studies of the thymus of the dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula L., revealed paired lobular masses above the first two gill arches of embryonic and newly hatched dogfish, involuting at approximately 3 weeks. It did not have defined cortex and medullary regions and ultrastructural investigations showed the tissue to be composed mainly of a range of different sized lymphocytes within a connective tissue capsule and reticular epithelial cell framework. Lymphoblasts often in mitosis were also present being more electron lucent and larger than lymphocytes. Macrophages contained cellular debris and frequently whole small lymphocytes. A cell with cytoplasmic granules was occasionally observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1984.tb04882.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen equilibrium ofPriapulus hemerythrin (1980)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 36 (1980), S. 427-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The hemerythrin-containing coelomic fluid ofPriapulus caudatus shows a relatively low O2 affinity (half-saturation O2 tension P50=8 mm at 10 °C) and a low O2 capacity (near 1 vol.%). O2 affinity is independent of pH but shows a large temperature sensitivity. A major role as a continuous O2 transporter seems to be excluded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01975127
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of the isolated heart of a freshwater mussel (Anodonta cygnea L.) for biological estimation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (1955)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 11 (1955), S. 156-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die rhythmischen Kontraktionen des isolierten Herzventrikels vonAnodonta werden von 5-Hydroxy-Tryptamin niedriger Konzentration beschleunigt und verstärkt. Adrenalin, Noradrenalin, Histamin, Acetylcholin, Tyramin usw, wesentlich höherer Konzentrationen haben keine oder nur geringe Wirkungen. DasAnodonta-Herz-Präparat scheint deshalb für den biologischen Nachweis von 5-Hydroxy-Tryptamin (Serotonin, Enteramin) geeignet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02158480
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fish spleen: structure and function (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 152-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Spleen ; fish ; structure ; function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02002607
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