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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bovine Bone Marrow Lipids (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 47 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Characteristics of marrow lipids in bones from three different anatomical locations (cervical, lumbar, femur) in steers and cows on low energy (range) or high energy (feedlot) diets are reported. Cervical marrow contained the least and femur marrow the most total lipid and triglycerides (TG) were the major type of lipid present in all marrows. Phosphatidyl choline was the major PL present in all marrows. The predominant fatty acids were 16:0, 18:0 and cis 18:1. There were no consistent effects due to anatomical location of bone, diet or sex upon any of the acids measured. TG structures were similar in all marrows and the fatty acid composition of TG from steer marrow resembled that of steer intramuscular TG.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1982.tb10144.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleic Acid Content of Bovine Bone Marrow, Muscle and Mechanically Deboned Beef (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 46 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to quantify nucleic acids in bone marrow and to determine if nucleic acid levels in mechanically deboned meat (MDM) which contains marrow are high enough to be nutritionally hazardous. Bone marrow from cervical and lumbar vertebrae, MDM and longissimus muscle samples were analyzed for DNA and RNA. Nucleic acid concentrations in marrow were influenced by class of animal and by anatomical location of bones. Marrow, MDM and muscle averaged 20.3, 7.6, and 1.4 mg DNA/g, and 1.9, 0.7 and 0.4 mg RNA/g respectively, indicating that increased levels of marrow in MDM would increase nucleic acid content. Nevertheless, processed meat is limited to 20% of the meat block as MDM. At this level processed meats would contain moderate amounts of nucleic acids which would not be substantially greater than levels already found in processed meat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1981.tb03003.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Simple Method for Estimating Amount of Red Marrow Present in Mechanically Deboned Meat (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 46 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Muscle:red marrow mixtures containing 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% marrow (w/w) were prepared to simulate the widest range of red marrow percentages which might be found in mechanically deboned meat (MDM). Significant increases in pH with each increase in marrow concentration and a correlation coefficient of 0.96 between marrow concentration and pH were found. Therefore, pH values can be used to estimate red marrow concentration in MDM once average values for pH of meat attached to bones and marrow in those bones are established at individual deboning operations. Level of red marrow in MDM is related to functional properties such as water holding capacity as well as nutritional value and palatability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1981.tb04236.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PORPHYRINS IN MUSCLE AND RED BONE MARROW OF BEEF (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 43 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method for the determination of total porphyrins in beef biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles, in beef red bone marrow and in lamb biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles is reported. Tissues of decreasing levels of porphyrins were: red marrow, beef biceps femoris, beef semitendinosus, lamb biceps femoris, lamb semitendinosus. Protoporphyrin was the major, if not only, porphyrin present in the muscle and marrow samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1978.tb02373.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    COMPOSITION AND PALATABILITY OF MECHANlCALLY DEBONED MEAT AND MECHANICALLY SEPARATED TISSUE (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 42 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Four groups of Good and Choice grade carcasses were hand boned. Flat bones from the right sides were mechanically deboned using a Beehive machine with 0.46 mm holes in the cylinder and designated mechanically deboned meat (MDM). Flat bones from the left sides were hand-cleaned of all visible muscle and fat and then run through the mechanical deboner and designated mechanically separated tissue (MST). No significant differences in moisture, fat or protein between tissue from the right and left sides were present, but MDM had less ash than did MST. Higher ash content in the MST was paralleled by higher values (P 〈 0.05) for iron, calcium, magnesium, collagen and pH. Greater amounts of isoleucine (P 〈 0.05) were present in MDM than in MST. Bologna was formulated to contain 30% MDM or 30% MST. No differences in processing quality of the bolognas were noted. Independent triangle tests for flavor and grittiness showed that panel members could detect differences (P 〈 0.01) in bologna containing MDM or MST when compared to control bologna.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1977.tb01487.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INFLUENCE OF YIELD ON CALCIUM CONTENT OF MECHANICALLY DEBONED LAMB AND MUTTON (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 39 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mutton carcasses and lamb carcass cuts were mechanically deboned at different settings to give variable yields of mechanically deboned meat. Higher yields of mechanically deboned meat were related to higher calcium and fat percentages. Lamb breasts had the lowest bone percentage of any of the cuts and the mechanically deboned meat from breasts had the lowest calcium content when compared to deboned meat from other lamb cuts or mutton carcasses. Necks had the highest bone percentage and the highest calcium content in the mechanically deboned meat. Data are presented which show that mechanically deboned meat is not homogenous as it is extruded from the cylinder. Palatability of bologna made with mechanically deboned meat increased as the size of cylinder holes through which the meat was extruded decreased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1974.tb02876.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CHARACTERIZATION OF MECHANICALLY DEBONED HOT AND COLD MUTTON CARCASSES (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 39 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bone from one side of chilled mutton carcasses and bone from one side of hot mutton carcasses were physically separated by hand while the other sides were mechanically deboned. Yield of boneless carcass was similar for hot machine-boned and hot hand-boned carcasses. Cold machine-boned carcasses had a slightly lower yield of lean meat than cold hand-boned carcasses. Approximate analysis of meat from cold hand-boned, cold machine-boned, hot hand-boned and hot machine-boned carcasses was similar. However, calcium and hydroxyproline contents were lower for hot machine-boned than for cold machine-boned carcasses. Emulsion stability and total pigment concentration were higher for mechanically deboned meat. Organoleptic evaluations favored bologna made with hand-boned meat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1974.tb02875.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free Amino Acids in Bovine Muscles and Their Relationship to Tenderness (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: —Free amino acid (FAA) analyses were conducted on 87 I. dorsi and 58 b. femoris samples from cattle varying in sex, breeding and age to study the relationships between these muscle constituents and Warner-Bratzler Shear values. The b. femoris contained greater amounts of FAA than the I. dorsi and was significantly tougher. Muscles from a line of cattle that tended to be more tender possessed greater amounts of FAA. With few exceptions the I. dorsi of steers contained greater amounts of FAA than the same muscle from bulls. Differences in bull muscles due to age were not significant for any FAA. Steer muscle with low shear values tended to possess greater amounts of FAA than steers with high shear values. Although not significantly correlated individual and total FAA increased slightly with increasing tenderness within beef muscles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb10356.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Storage Times After Cooking on Warner-Bratzler Shear Values of Beef Roasts (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 48 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fifty longissimus and 49 biceps femoris roasts were cut from five Choice-grade steer carcasses and used to evaluate differences in Warner-Bratzler shear values at different times after cooking. Five longissimus roasts and four or five biceps femoris roasts were cut from both sides of each carcass. Roasts were cooked to an internal temperature of 71°C then wrapped in aluminum foil and chilled (4°C) for 2, 24, 48, 72 or 168 hr prior to shear analysis. No differences in shear values by carcass side or by length of chill after cooking existed for biceps femoris roasts. Longissimus roasts were more tender when taken from the left side and when chilled for 2 hr vs longer chill periods. Roasts chilled for 24, 48, 72 or 168 hr had similar shear values. Cores taken from the medial portion of the longissimus roasts had lower shear values than cores taken from the central or lateral portions. Longissimus roasts were always more tender than roasts from the biceps femoris muscle and they were less variable in tenderness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1983.tb14865.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECT OF AGE AND ANATOMICAL LOCATION ON COMPOSITION OF BOVINE BONE (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 43 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae, plus rib and femur bones were removed from 13 bovine of a wide age range (89–2783 days) to elucidate changes in bone composition as a function of age and anatomical location. Percent dry matter, ash, calcium and phosphorus increased with age while nitrogen and sulfur decreased. The calcium/phosphorus ratio remained relatively constant during growth. Dry matter, ash, calcium and phosphorus percentages increased from the anterior to the posterior of the vertebral column, while sulfur and nitrogen decreased. Thus, bone ossification advanced from the posterior to the anterior vertebrae. The femur contained the largest proportion of ash, calcium and phosphorus of the six bone types investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1978.tb02391.x
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