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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    HLA-DQB1 Alleles May Influence the Surface Expression of DQ Molecules in Lymphomononuclear Cells of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden , USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: To evaluate the expression of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class II (DR and DQ) molecules on lymphomononuclear cells involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, we studied 20 patients and 20 controls matched to patients for age, sex and HLA class II profile. The coexpression of HLA and CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19 and CD14 molecules was evaluated by flow cytometry. HLA-DRB1, -DQA1 and -DQB1 alleles were assigned using amplified DNA hybridized with sequence-specific primers. The fluorescence intensity of HLA-DR and -DQ molecules observed on the surface of the lymphomononuclear cells of patients did not differ significantly from controls. Patients presented decreased percentage of double-positive CD4+/DQ+ cells and increased percentage of CD19+/DR+ cells, irrespective of the HLA class II profile; however, the more dramatic alteration of the lymphomononuclear phenotype profile was observed for patients possessing the HLA-DQB1*0201 allele. These patients exhibited decreased percentage of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ and CD14+ cells bearing HLA-DQ molecules and decreased fluorescence intensity for HLA-DQ molecules on CD19+ cells compared to patients without the DQB1*0201 allele. Although type 1 diabetes patients shared CD4/DQ or CD19/DR phenotype abnormalities, patients typed as DQB1*0201 presented additional abnormalities in terms of DQ expression and cell phenotypes bearing DQ molecules.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01386.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Treatment of diabetic gastroparesis with oral clonidine (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 9 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background/Aims: Clonidine, a specific alpha-2-adrenergic receptor agonist, has been suggested to improve symptoms of gastroparesis in diabetics with diarrhoea. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of clonidine on gastric emptying and symptoms suggestive of gastroparesis in patients with long-standing diabetes mellitus and evidence of autonomic neuropathy. Methods: Six diabetics with chronic, refractory symptoms of bloating, nausea and vomiting were studied. Gastric emptying of a liquid nutrient meal (250 mL; 430 kcal) was evaluated by scintigraphy and symptoms were scored. Patients were treated with clonidine (median dose: 0.3 mg/day) for 2–12 weeks (median : 4 weeks), after which symptoms and gastric emptying were re-evaluated. Treatment was then sustained for a median follow-up period of 7 weeks (range: 2–56 weeks). Results: Gastric emptying half-time values in diabetic patients ranged from 16 to 180 min (median: 100 min) and four patients had abnormally delayed emptying before treatment. In all patients, half-time values decreased during treatment (median : 35 min; range: 14–106 min, P 〈 0.025 vs. pre-treatment values) and in three of the four patients with abnormal gastric retention, half-time values returned to the normal range. During clonidine treatment, a substantial decrease in the score for symptoms was observed (median and range: 7.5; 2–9 vs. 0; 0–9). In four patients, symptoms virtually disappeared, an effect that was maintained throughout follow-up (6–56 weeks). Conclusions: These findings suggest that impairment of adrenergic influences on gastrointestinal motility control may play a role in the pathophysiology of diabetic gastroparesis and that clonidine may be a useful alternative for treating patients with this condition.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1995.tb00368.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Abnormal Intragastric Distribution of a Liquid Nutrient Meal in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus (1998)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 43 (1998), S. 1421-1429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Schlagwort(e): GASTRIC EMPTYING ; INTRAGASTRIC DISTRIBUTION ; GASTRIC MOTILITY ; DIABETES MELLITUS ; AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY ; DYSPEPSIA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Disordered gastric motility and emptying arewell known complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), butthe pattern of intragastric distribution of food has notbeen extensively studied in diabetics. We examined the partition of a liquid nutrient meal betweenthe proximal and distal stomach and the relationshipsbetween intragastric distribution of food and gastricemptying (GE) and the symptoms in DM patients with and without autonomic neuropathy (AN).Fourteen healthy volunteers and 20 DM patients (13 withAN; 9 with dyspepsia symptoms) ingested a liquidnutrient meal (250 ml; 437 kcal) labeled with[99mTc]phytate. Anterior and posterior serial images of thestomach were taken for 90 min with a gamma camera.Regions of interest for the proximal and the distalhalves of the stomach and for the total gastric areawere defined. Counts from each region along timeallowed estimation of GE and the proportion of activityretained in the proximal stomach after meal ingestion(initial) and throughout GE (mean). GE half-times in controls (median; range: 66 min; 29-90 min)were not significantly different from diabetics (76 min;5-〉150 min, P 〉 0.10), but abnormal GE was foundin 11 DM patients (seven delayed and four rapid). In DM patients, initial retention inthe proximal stomach (42%; 16-79% ) was significantlylower (P 〈 0.02) than in controls (55%; 44-71%). Meanretention in the proximal stomach throughout emptying also was significantly lower (P 〈0.05) in DM patients (43%; 18-58%) than in controls(51%; 32-69%). There were no differences betweensubgroups of patients with normal, delayed, or rapid gastric emptying regarding mean meal retentionin the proximal stomach. Patients with evidence of AN orwith dyspepsia symptoms had significantly decreasedretention of food in the proximal stomach throughout gastric emptying. We concluded that patientswith diabetes mellitus have abnormally decreasedretention of gastric contents in the proximal stomachafter a liquid meal, which seems to be related to the occurrence of autonomic neuropathy anddyspepsia symptoms, but not to disordered gastricemptying.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018834025351
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