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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excluding Groundwater Infiltration into New Sewers (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 4 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Much attention has been focused on the need for sewer renovation and rehabilitation of old sewerage systems, but age is not always the reason for sewer failure. Serious problems of performance have also been encountered on sewerage schemes less than 10 years old. This paper considers the problems of groundwater infiltration into new foul sewers, and suggests that deficiencies might exist in some aspects of modern sewer design and construction.Infiltration is most frequently observed at sewer joints. Results are presented of laboratory tests which show the ability of flexible fixed-ring joints on clay sewers to withstand both internal and external pressures. Damaged polyester fairings on the spigots of these pipes can act as one-way valves, and massive infiltration may result. The standard site water test is shown to be inadequate in detecting some of these types of defect which may result from damaged pipes or poor workmanship.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1990.tb01468.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ENVIRONMENTAL AND STRUCTURAL IMPLICATIONS FOR THE RE-USE OF TYRES IN FLUVIAL AND MARINE-CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: There is increasing interest in reclaiming tyres for use in bank-side and coastal-protection structures. However, concern has been expressed about the potential for tyres to release pollutants into the environment and to retain their long-term structural stability. This paper describes laboratory leaching tests for heavy metals from new used tyres and tyres which have been exposed to an aquatic environment for thirteen years. The results show that the limiting factor to their use could be cadmium release. Tests found evidence of the loss of ultraviolet screening agents such as carbon black, suggesting that chemical breakdown of the tyre through leaching of vulcanising chemicals is more significant in the physical breakdown of the tyre, than the reverse. Three case studies of tyre flood-protection and river-control structures are presented, which examine the ability of tyres to retain structural integrity over long periods. Based on this evidence, guidance on design principles is offered. It is concluded that tyres can be used sustainably in a river or coastal environment, subject to careful consideration of local site conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2003.tb00441.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Effectiveness of the Land-Drainage Consent System (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 10 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: This paper presents the results of a study into the effectiveness of the land-drainage consents system. The investigation studied eighteen main river reaches, each 2 km in length, in the north-east Thames region. All works within the main channel and the 8 m margin, subject to the regulations in the Water Resources Act 1991, were recorded. The impact that each of these works might have had upon the environment, including the ability of the river to pass the peak flow and the potential for an increase in pollution, has been assessed and an overall impact rating for each reach has been determined. Each of the works identified on the reaches has been cross-referenced with consent records held by the National Rivers Authority. Results that indicate that a high proportion (92%) of works do not have consent under the present system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1996.tb00019.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress intensity factors for semi-elliptical surface cracks in pressurised cylinders using the boundary integral equation method (1980)
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 16 (1980), S. 233-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une analyse tri-dimensionnelle élastique et linéaire en mécanique de rupture du problème d'un cylindre à paroi épaisse soumis à pression interne et comportant une fissure de surface semi-elliptique a été effectuée en utilisant la méthode d'équation intégrale aux limites. Les cas envisagés dans l'étude sont relatifs à des rapports des rayons de cylindre externe et interne de 2 et de 3 avec des profondeurs maximum de fissure s'étalant de 20% à 80% de l'épaisseur de paroi. Dans le cas d'une fissure typique, la valeur prédite pour le facteur d'intensité des contraintes décroit légèrement le long du front de la fissure lorsque l'on se meut du point de pénétration le plus profond, et passe par un minimum pour ensuite s'accroître rapidement lorsqu'on approche de la surface libre interne du cylindre. Les résultats présentés s'avèreront d'une aide considérable pour prédire la vie résiduelle ou la durée de service fiable, par exemple, de tubes de réacteur chimique dont on sait qu'ils sont fissurés sur une certaine profondeur.
    Notes: Abstract Three dimensional linear elastic fracture mechanics analyses of the problem of an internally pressurised thick-walled cylinder with a semi-elliptical surface crack are carried out using the Boundary Integral Equation method. The cases treated are for ratios of external to internal cylinder radii of 2 and 3, with maximum crack depths ranging from 20% to 80% of the wall thickness. For a typical crack, the predicted value of stress intensity factor decreases slightly along the crack front moving away from the point of deepest penetration, reaching a minimum before increasing rapidly as the free internal surface of the cylinder is approached. The results presented will be of considerable use in the prediction of residual or safe life of, for example, chemical reactor tubes known to be cracked to a certain depth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00013380
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On monitoring crack growth in thick-walled cylinders under internal pressure (1981)
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 17 (1981), S. R131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033352
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Air-plasma treated polyethylene fibres: effect of time and temperature ageing on fibre surface properties and on fibre-matrix adhesion (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 29 (1994), S. 3919-3925 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of a low energy air-plasma treatment of extended chain polyethylene (ECPE) fibres (Spectra®900) on the adhesion with a matrix of epoxy resin has been studied. Surface energies of fibre and matrix were calculated by contact angles, measured with a Wilhelmy microbalance in different liquids, and the adhesion between fibres and the matrix was evaluated through a pull-out test. The results showed an increase in fibre-matrix adhesion by a factor of ca. 1.5 calculated by surface energy measurements, and by a factor of ca. 4 measured by the pull-out tests. Time (up to six months) and temperature (in the range 20–120 °C for 2 h) ageing caused some decrease in adhesion with respect to the values evaluated just after the fibre plasma treatment. The plasma treatment did not affect the fibre's mechanical properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00355950
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of the Hankel transform in boundary integral methods for axisymmetric problems (1983)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 1765-1769 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620191204
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A local boundary integral equation method for potential problems (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2517-2529 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Boundary integral equation (boundary element) methods have the advantage over other commonly used numerical methods that they do not require values of the unknowns at points within the solution domain to be computed. Further benefits would be obtained if attention could be confined to information at one small part of the boundary, the particular region of interest in a given problem. A local boundary integral equation method based on a Taylor series expansion of the unknown function is developed to do this for two-dimensional potential problems governed by Laplace's equation. Very accurate local values of the function and its derivatives can be obtained. The method should find particular application in the efficient refinement of approximate solutions obtained by other numerical techniques.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620261110
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of mixed mode fracture and crack closure using the boundary integral equation method (1986)
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 30 (1986), S. 13-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Pour analyser les problèmes de mécanique de rupture linéaire et élastique en deux dimensions, on a développé une formulation sur plusieurs domaines de la méthode d'équation intégrale aux limites, en recourant à une représentation quadratique isoparamétrique des géométries et des fonctions. L'approche multidomaine permet de modéliser les deux faces d'une fissure dans des sous-régions indépendantes, ce qui évite des difficultés de singularité, et rend possible l'analyse des problèmes de fermeture d'une fissure avec des contraintes de contact agissant sur une partie des faces de la fissure. Les problèmes auxquels on trouve solution sont notamment la plaque fissurée sur un bord et sollicitée suivant un mode mixte, avec aussi fermeture de la fissure, ou des situations de fermeture de fissure où se trouve une bande fissurée sur un de ses bords et soumise à flexion complète réversible, avec ou sans sollicitations de traction
    Notes: Abstract A multi-domain boundary integral equation method, employing an isoparametric quadratic representation of geometries and functions, is developed for the analysis of two-dimensional linear elastic fracture mechanics problems. The multi-domain approach allows the two faces of a crack to be modelled in independent sub-regions of the body, avoiding singularity difficulties and making it possible to analyse crack closure problems with contact stresses over part of the cracked faces. Problems solved include slanted cracked plate mixed mode and crack closure examples, also crack closure situations involving fully reversed bending of an edge cracked strip, both with and without a superimposed tensile loading.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034576
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of corners in BIE analysis of potential problems (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2569-2581 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: At corners or edges in the boundary of the domain of a potential problem the local normal gradient of potential is double-valued. When Dirichlet boundary conditions are specified there are thus two unknowns at a single nodal point, and the sets of equations resulting from the usual BIE discretization are rendered indeterminate. We discuss here earlier approaches to the resolving of this problem, and describe a further approach which appears to offer some advantages. Both normal gradients can be approximated directly from local potential boundary conditions, showing the problem indeed to be formally overdetermined. This ability is discarded, in favour of yielding a robust and well-conditioned relationship between the two gradients. This, in conjunction with the BIE analysis, permits solutions of considerable accuracy to be found, including the gradients at such corner nodes. Illustrative calculations are presented for rectilinear and curvilinear domains. These show that, even with as few elements as there are corners, and thus one and a half times as many unknowns as there are nodal points, good approximations to the gradients can be obtained. The need for progressively finer discretization as a corner is approached is thus much reduced.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620281107
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