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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A modified method for the isolation and determination of brain histamine using Bio-Rex 70 (1980)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 10 (1980), S. 197-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Bio-Rex 70, a weak cation exchange resin, has been used to specifically isolate histamine from rat brain tissue. This method compares favourably to other extraction procedures with respect to selectivity, reproducibility and time taken to perform the procedure. However, because it combines the optimum of these properties, it appears more adaptable for routine laboratory use. Following isolation, histamine is quantified fluorometrically after condensation witho-phthaldialdehyde (OPT). The sensitivity of the procedure allows for the chromatographic isolation, using Bio-Rex 70, of 12.5 ng histamine to give fluorescence twice that of blank. In addition, the use of Bio-Rex 70 enables the selective separation of histamine from fluorescent contaminants such as spermidine. The stability and the reproducibility of the adsorption and elution characteristics of Bio-Rex 70 enables the determination of 30 brain samples in a working day. This method has been applied to determine whole brain and regional brain levels of histamine in control andl-histidine-treated rats. The whole brain level of histamine, which was 50 ng/g, was increased byl-histidine and the highest concentration of histamine was found in the hypothalamus. Since the reliability of existing histamine extraction procedures is questionable, under certain conditions, it is suggested that the use of Bio-Rex 70 is a valuable addition in evaluating the possible physiological role of brain histamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02025936
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attenuation of antigen-induced bronchospasm by fenoterol in the guinea-pig (1984)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 14 (1984), S. 31-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract When guinea-pigs sensitized to ovalbumin were challenged with ovalbumin, the histamine concentrations in lung tissue decreased, whereas those in tracheal and heart tissues increased during the 15 min following challenge. Fenoterol (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.), administered 30 min prior to challenge, attenuated both the decrease and the increase in lung and tracheal histamine concentrations, respectively. The challenge-induced increase in heart histamine was also prevented. In the anaesthetized guinea-pig, a marked increase in intratracheal pressure (ITP) occurred on challenge. This was of longer latency than the increase in ITP induced by histamine and was consistent with a release process. Treatment of challenged guinea-pigs with fenoterol (2.5 mg/kg, i.v.) markedly reduced the increased ITP. However, when fenoterol was administered prior to challenge, the increase in ITP was abolished. These results indicate that there is an apparent relationship between the inhibition of histamine releasein vivo by fenoterol pretreatment and the greater inhibitory effect of fenoterol on antigen-induced increases in ITP when administered prophylactically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01966829
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurones in a vagal-dependent interaction between leukotriene D4 and histamine on bronchomotor tone (1984)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 15 (1984), S. 500-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Leukotriene D4 (LTD4, 0.1–0.5 μg/kg, i.v.), administered 20 s before histamine (H, 1–4 μg/kg, i.v.), enhanced the bronchoconstrictor response to H by between 105 and 168%. Bilateral vagotomy, atropine or indomethacin each attenuated, whereas hexamethonium completely prevented, this enhancement. LTD4 failed to enhance the bronchoconstrictor effects of either acetylcholine (ACh) or electrical stimulation of the vagi. Capsaicin pretreatment reduced bronchoconstrictor responses to electrical stimulation of the vagi, but did not affect depressor responses. There was no interaction between LTD4 and H on bronchomotor tone in capsaicin-pretreated guinea-pigs. It is concluded that LTD4 enhances H-induced bronchoconstriction by a mechanism which involves an increased activity of efferent cholinergic nerves innervating the airways. However, the failure of LTD4 to enhance bronchoconstriction due to ACh or vagal stimulation, together with the prevention of the interaction between LTD4 and H by capsaicin-pretreatment, suggests that the site of the interaction may be on capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01966763
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leukotriene D4 potentiates histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea-pigs (1984)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 15 (1984), S. 146-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Histamine concentration-response curves performed on isolated airways smooth muscle preparations were unaffected by threshold constrictor concentrations of LTD4 (194±34 pM for parenchymal strips and 1940±480 pM for isolated trachea, respectively). In contrast, LTD4, when administered between 2 and 60 s beforehand, potentiated bronchoconstrictor responses to histamine in anaesthetized, artificially ventilated guinea-pigs. Doses of LTD4, which did not produce direct effects on airways resistance, potentiated histamine-induced bronchoconstriction to a lesser degree than those having small direct effects. This potentiation was prevented by bilateral vagotomy. In addition, the antagonists atropine (100 μg/kg), FPL55712 (5 mg/kg) and indomethacin (1 mg/kg) effectively prevented the interaction. It is suggested that the interaction between LTD4 and histamine involves a specific leukotriene receptor, possibly linked to the generation of a cyclo-oxygenase metabolite and requires intact cholinergic innervation of airways smooth muscle. Furthermore, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that LTD4 may be a mediator of bronchial hyperreactivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01972341
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased airways responsiveness to histamine induced by platelet activating factor in the guinea-pig: possible role of lipoxygenase metabolites (1988)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 24 (1988), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In anaesthetized guinea-pigs pretreated with propranolol (1 mg/kg, i.v.), platelet activating factor (Paf, 0.02 μg/kg, i.v.) caused an acute increase in airways response to histamine (0.5–3.0 μg/kg, i.v.) measured as intratracheal pressure. Treatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitors, aspirin (10 mg/kg, i.v.) or indomethacin (5 mg/kg, i.v.), enhanced the magnitude and duration of this effect but a combined lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase inhibitor, BW 755C (20 mg/kg, i.v.), prevented the increase in responsiveness. In aspirin treated animals, a putative lipoxygenase inhibitor NDGA (10 mg/kg, i.v.). or atropine methyl nitrate (1 mg/kg, i.v.) or bilateral vagotomy reduced the magnitude of Paf-induced increased histamine responses but did not prevent the effect. Bronchoconstriction induced by Paf was variably influenced by the drug treatments. These data suggest that Paf causes an acute increase in airways responsiveness to histamine in the guinea-pig through a mechanism that may, in part, be dependant on the release of lipoxygenase metabolites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01968073
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipoxygenase metabolites mediate increased airways resonsiveness to histamine after acute platelet activating factor exposure in the guinea-pig (1988)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 24 (1988), S. 8-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Platelet activating factor (Paf, 0.02 μg/kg, i.v. bolus) caused an acute increase in airways responsiveness to histamine in anaesthetized guinea-pigs prepared for recording airways resistance (R L ) and dynamic compliance (C dyn ). Aspirin pretreatment (10 mg/kg, i.v.) attenuated the return of airways responsiveness to prechallenge levels. Pretreatment with the combined cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibitors BW 755C (20 mg/kg, i.v.) and ETYA (20 mg/kg, i.v.), or with the putative cysteinyl-containing leukotriene antagonist FPL 55712 (0.25 mg/kg/min, i.v.), or a Paf antagonist SRI 63441 (2.5 mg/kg, i.v.), prevented Paf-induced increased airways responsiveness. Inhibitors of leukotriene synthesis, BW 755C and ETYA, or action, FPL 55712, had variable effects of Paf-induced bronchoconstriction. These data suggest that lipoxygenase metabolites, possibly leukotrienes, may mediate an acute increase in airways responsiveness to histamine after Paf exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01968074
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A gene in the HLA class I region contributes to susceptibility to IDDM in the Finnish population (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 937-944 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Genetics ; haplotype ; HLA-A ; HLA-DQ ; HLA-DR ; tumour necrosis factor ; diabetes mellitus.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In Finland the haplotype A2, Cw1, B56, DR4, DQ8 is the third most common haplotype in insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients and has the highest haplotype-specific absolute risk for IDDM. Cw1, B56, DR4, DQ8 haplotypes containing HLA-A alleles other than A2 are infrequent in the population and are not associated with IDDM. Comparison of the A2 and non-A2 haplotypes at the DNA level showed that they were identical at HLA-B, -DR, and -DQ loci. Evidence that class I alleles confer susceptibility to IDDM was obtained from the two HLA-C, -B, -DR and -DQ haplotypes most frequently found in IDDM patients in Finland. A24, A3 and A2 on the Cw3, B62, DR4, DQ8 haplotype, and A28, A2 and A1 on the Cw7, B8, DR3, DQ2 were all found to be associated with IDDM. In Finland these seven haplotypes, including A2, Cw1, B56, DR4, DQ8, account for 33 % of diabetic haplotypes and 10.3 % of non-diabetic haplotypes (p 〈 0.00001). The contribution of the class I region to IDDM susceptibility was also apparent in those IDDM patients lacking the disease-predisposing class II alleles. Significantly more non-DR3/non-DR4 IDDM patients (47 of 55) possessed two of the IDDM-associated HLA-A alleles compared to non-DR3/non-DR4 control subjects (40 of 58; p = 0.038). Moreover, IDDM patients confirmed by oligotyping as unable to form a ’diabetes-susceptibility' DQ heterodimer, tended to possess two diabetes-associated HLA-A alleles (12 of 13) compared to control subjects (12 of 20; p = 0.056). [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 937–944]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400951
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In Finland insulin gene region encoded susceptibility to IDDM exerts maximum effect when there is low HLA-DR associated risk (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 1223-1229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin gene ; HLA ; haplotype ; genetic susceptibility ; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An association between insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and polymorphisms of the insulin gene on chromosome 11p15 (INS) is a consistent finding in Europid populations. While one study suggested that the INS association is restricted to HLA-DR4-positive individuals, studies in other Europid populations have shown the disease-associated INS genotype to confer susceptibility independently of HLA-DR. We have investigated the role of INS in susceptibility to IDDM in Finland, which has the highest incidence of diabetes mellitus in the world, at two polymorphic restriction sites, 5′ and 3′ to the insulin gene. From the DiMe (Childhood Diabetes in Finland) Study we studied 154 diabetic children without regard to HLA-DR type; 108 DR4 positive/non-DR3 diabetic children; 39 DR3 positive/non-DR4 diabetic children; 30 DR4/DR3 positive diabetic children; 31 non-DR4/non-DR3 diabetic children; 96 matched DiMe control subjects and 86 other healthy, non-diabetic Finnish control subjects. We found an overall association between IDDM and INS in the high-risk Finnish population only with the 5′ polymorphism and identified an INS haplotype negatively associated with IDDM in Finland. However, among diabetic subjects with a reduced HLA-associated susceptibility (non-DR4/non-DR3) both 3′ and 5′ INS loci showed an association with IDDM (p values 0.02 and 0.0002, respectively). Thus, in the Finnish population insulin gene-encoded susceptibility to IDDM exerts a maximum effect in those with reduced HLA-associated risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422373
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A gene in the HLA class I region contributes to susceptibility to IDDM in the Finnish population (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 937-944 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Genetics ; haplotype ; HLA-A ; HLA-DQ ; HLA-DR ; tumour necrosis factor ; diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In Finland the haplotype A2, Cw1, B56, DR4, DQ8 is the third most common haplotype in insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients and has the highest haplotype-specific absolute risk for IDDM. Cw1, B56, DR4, DQ8 haplotypes containing HLA-A alleles other than A2 are infrequent in the population and are not associated with IDDM. Comparison of the A2 and non-A2 haplotypes at the DNA level showed that they were identical at HLA-B,-DR, and -DQ loci. Evidence that class I alleles confer susceptibility to IDDM was obtained from the two HLA-C, -B, -DR and -DQ haplotypes most frequently found in IDDM patients in Finland. A24, A3 and A2 on the Cw3, B62, DR4, DQ8 haplotype, and A28, A2 and A1 on the Cw7, B8, DR3, DQ2 were all found to be associated with IDDM. In Finland these seven haplotypes, including A2, Cw1, B56, DR4, DQ8, account for 33% of diabetic haplotypes and 10.3% of non-diabetic haplotypes (p〈0.00001). The contribution of the class I region to IDDM susceptibility was also apparent in those IDDM patients lacking the disease-predisposing class II alleles. Significantly more non-DR3/non-DR4 IDDM patients (47 of 55) possessed two of the IDDM-associated HLA-A alleles compared to non-DR3/non-DR4 control subjects (40 of 58; p=0.038). Moreover, IDDM patients confirmed by oligotyping as unable to form a ‘diabetes-susceptibility’ DQ heterodimer, tended to possess two diabetes-associated HLA-A alleles (12 of 13) compared to control subjects (12 of 20; p=0.056).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400951
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In Finland insulin gene region encoded susceptibility to IDDM exerts maximum effect when there is low HLA-DR associated risk (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 1223-1229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Insulin gene ; HLA ; haplotype ; genetic susceptibility ; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An association between insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and polymorphisms of the insulin gene on chromosome 11p15 (INS) is a consistent finding in Europid populations. While one study suggested that the INS association is restricted to HLA-DR4-positive individuals, studies in other Europid populations have shown the disease-associated INS genotype to confer susceptibility independently of HLA-DR. We have investigated the role of INS in susceptibility to IDDM in Finland, which has the highest incidence of diabetes mellitus in the world, at two polymorphic restriction sites, 5′ and 3′ to the insulin gene. From the DiMe (Childhood Diabetes in Finland) Study we studied 154 diabetic children without regard to HLA-DR type; 108 DR4 positive/non-DR3 diabetic children; 39 DR3 positive/non-DR4 diabetic children; 30 DR4/DR3 positive diabetic children; 31 non-DR4/non-DR3 diabetic children; 96 matched DiMe control subjects and 86 other healthy, non-diabetic Finnish control subjects. We found an overall association between IDDM and INS in the high-risk Finnish population only with the 5′ polymorphism and identified an INS haplotype negatively associated with IDDM in Finland. However, among diabetic subjects with a reduced HLA-associated susceptibility (non-DR4/non-DR3) both 3′ and 5′ INS loci showed an association with IDDM (p values 0.02 and 0.0002, respectively). Thus, in the Finnish population insulin gene-encoded susceptibility to IDDM exerts a maximum effect in those with reduced HLA-associated risk. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 1223–1229]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422373
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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