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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science
    Wound repair and regeneration 3 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1524-475X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In this article, we initially review several problems associated with the design and interpretation of certain types of experiments currently used to study wound healing, drawing attention to the fact that applications for standard statistical techniques in the analysis of the experimental results are often of limited value. We then argue that, because of the special nature of wound healing data, curve fitting of empirical model equations can often provide a convenient way to summarize treatment effects with large data sets. The various ways in which this technique could be used to facilitate the interpretation of experimental wound healing results are then explored. To illustrate this approach, we then took several wound healing experiments and introduced possible models that could be used, paying particular attention to simple equations with the smallest possible number of parameters. For each equation, the way that the parameters of the model could be interpreted with regard to the biologic effects represented is given. Examples are given to show the application of each model discussed theoretically in the interpretation of some typical experimental data sets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Wound repair and regeneration 13 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1524-475X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Collagen undergoes dramatic reorganization during wound repair. Matrix metalloproteinases degrade and remodel collagen in a tightly controlled process. The collagenase-resistant mouse, Col1a1tm1Jae, produces type I collagen, which is resistant to degradation by human matrix metalloproteinase 1. These mice grow normally but develop thickened skin with age. We have previously reported that the early wound repair response in homozygous mutant (Col1a1r/r) mice is delayed compared to wild type (Col1a1+/+). However, the late-stage scar of Col1a1r/r wounds was not significantly altered compared to Col1a1+/+. Here we have investigated the response of heterozygous mice (Col1a1+/r) to wounding, not previously reported. Wound reepithelialization was delayed to a similar degree to wounds in the Col1a1r/r mice. However, the recovery of impaired wound contraction was faster in Col1a1+/r than in Col1a1r/r mice, but still slower than in wild-type animals. Analysis of wound protein extracts showed expression of some matrix metalloproteinases was prolonged in both the Col1a1r/r and Col1a1+/r wounds compared to wild type. We suggest the partial resistance of collagen to collagenase-mediated degradation in the heterozygous animals causes equivalent impairment of keratinocyte migration compared to homozygous collagenase-resistant mice, but that wound contraction during late-stage healing is only partially retarded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1524-475X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Wound healing in horses is often complicated by wound infection, exuberant granulation tissue, and hypertrophic scars, especially when wounds are located on the limbs. Wound healing in ponies is less problematic, characterized by a greater degree of wound contraction and a more intense initial inflammatory response. Because both processes are influenced by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), it was hypothesized that the better wound healing in ponies was associated with different TGF-β profiles. A series of small wounds was created on the distal limbs and hindquarters of ponies and horses. Tissue samples were harvested on alternate days until day 13 postwounding, and levels of total and active TGF-β were determined. Levels of TGF-β were significantly higher in pony wounds than in those of horses. The TGF-β profile differed between limb and body wounds, with levels in body wounds decreasing at the end of the experiment and persisting in limb wounds. In ponies, the higher TGF-β levels can, to a large extent, explain the more intense inflammatory response and may explain the greater degree of wound contraction. Apparently adequate levels in the limbs fail to result in greater wound contraction, probably because of a stronger fixation of the skin. The persistence of elevated levels of TGF-β may result in the production of exuberant granulation tissue. Further research on the temporal patterns of the different TGF-β isoforms seems indicated, because manipulation of TGF-β levels appears to be a promising option for intervention in problematic wound healing in horses. (WOUND REP REG 2002;10:)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 36 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: . In problems of spatial choice, the choice set is typically more aggregated than the one considered by decision-makers, often because choice data are available only at the aggregate level. These aggregate choice units will exhibit heterogeneity in utility and in size. To be consistent with utility maximization, a choice model must estimate choice probabilities on the basis of the maximum utility within heterogeneous aggregates. The ordinary multinomial logit model applied to aggregate choice units fails this criterion as it is estimated on the basis of average utility. In this paper, we derive and discuss a model which utilizes the theory underlying the nested logit model to estimate the appropriate maximum utilities of aggregates. We also demonstrate that the aggregate alternative error terms are asymptotically Gumbel, thereby relaxing the assumption of extreme value distributed error terms. This is accomplished with help from the asymptotic theory of extremes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature genetics 24 (2000), S. 330-331 
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The head is one of the most complex, exquisite and essential parts of the human body. Understanding how it develops normally and is disrupted in a myriad of common genetic disorders—such as cleft palate, premature fusion of specific bones that make up the skull (craniosynostosis) or failure of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] We have developed an application called HAPI (High-Density Array Pattern Interpreter), which facilitates the analysis of microarray data by selecting subsets of genes with specific characteristics and displaying them with dynamic links to web-based databases. This allows comparison of subsets of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dix malades qui présentaient un diverticule de la partie moyenne ou inférieure de l'oesophage ont été étudiés en accordant une attention particulière à la fonction oesophagienne, spécialement la motilité de l'oesophage, et sa relation avec le traitement chirurgical. L'âge moyen était 56 ans (16 à 79). Les malades se répartissaient en 5 hommes et 5 femmes. Les symptômes majeurs étaient la dysphagie et la régurgitation existant depuis 3 à 4 ans. Tous les diverticules furent diagnostiqués par l'exploration radiologique et l'exploration endoscopique. Trois des 10 malades présentaient 2 diverticules. La zone de haute pression au niveau de l'oesophage inférieur fut déterminée manométriquement chez 7 malades et la fonction au niveau du corps oesophagien chez tous les sujets. La pression, longueur et relaxation, furent normales chez 4 d'entre eux; une relaxation incomplète fut observée chez le malade; une élévation de la pression fut constatée chez 2 sujets. Tous les 10 avaient une fonction du corps de l'oesophage anormale: anomalies de l'amplitude, de la durée ou de la propagation de la contraction. La détermination du pH pour apprécier le reflux et le jeu sphinctérien a été pratiquée chez 4 sujets: le test était anormal chez tous les 4 cependant que 2 présentaient un reflux gastro-oesophagien. Un malade a été traité médicalement et les 9 autres ont été opérés. Le traitement chirurgical a consisté en: diverticulectomie, myotomie et montage anti-reflux chez 7 malades; diverticulopexie, myotomie et montage anti-reflux chez un sujet; myotomie et montage anti-reflux chez un patient. Il n'y a pas eu de décès postopératoire. Les résultats à long terme furent bons. On peut conclure que le diverticule de la partie moyenne ou basse de l'oesophage résulte d'une anomalie au niveau du corps de l'oesophage ou de l'appareil sphinctérien inférieur, anomalie qui peut être définie manométriquement. Ces diverticules seraient des diverticules de pulsion. L'acte chirurgical qui s'adresse à la correction du désordre moteur sous-jacent est donc un procédé sûr et efficace.
    Abstract: Resumen Diez pacientes con divertículos del esófago medio o del esófago inferior fueron analizados en cuanto a función esofágica, especialmente motilidad, y su relación con el tratamiento quirúrgico. La edad promedio fue 56 años (rango 16–79); 5 eran hombres y 5 mujeres. Los sńtomas predominantes fueron disfagia y regurgitación, generalmente de 3 a 4 años de duración. Todos los divertículos fueron demonstrados tanto por serie gastrointestinal alta como por endoscopia. Tres pacientes presentaron 2 divertćulos. La zona de alta presión del esófago inferior (ZAPEI) fue evaluada manométricamente en 7 pacientes y la función del cuerpo esofágico en la totalidad del grupo. La presión de la ZAPEI, longitud y relajación aparecieron normales en 4 pacientes; relajación incompleta se observó en un paciente y 2 exhibieron presión aumentada. Todos los 10 presentaron función anormal del cuerpo esofágico, incluyendo anormalidades en la amplitud, la duración y la propagación de las contracciones. La valoración del pH en cuanto a reflujo y evacuaciones fue realizada en 4 pacientes: la prueba de evacuación del ácido apareció anormal en todos los 4, y 2 pacientes mostraron reflujo gastroesofágico. Un paciente ha sido manejado médicamente y los otros quirúrgicamente. El tratamiento quirúrgico incluyó diverticulectomía, miotomía y procedimiento antirreflujo en 7 pacientes; diverticulopexia, miotomía y procedimiento antirreflujo en uno; y miotomía y procedimiento antirreflujo en uno. No hubo mortalidad operatoria. Los resultados clínicos a largo plazo son buenos. Hemos llegado a la conclusión de que los divertículos sintomáticos mesoesofágicos y epifrénicos son causados por una anormalidad de la función del cuerpo esofágico o de la ZAPEI que puede ser identificada manométricamente. Por consiguiente, éstos deben ser considerados como divertículos de pulsión. La operación enfocada hacia la anormalidad motora presente puede ser realizada en forma segura y ofrece mejoría de los síntomas.
    Notes: Abstract Ten patients with diverticula of the mid- or lower esophagus are reviewed with a focus on esophageal function, particularly motility, and its relation to surgical treatment. Median age is 56 years (range 16–79). There are 5 males and 5 females. The predominant symptoms were dysphagia and regurgitation, generally of 3 to 4 years' duration. All diverticula were identified by both barium upper gastrointestinal tract series and endoscopy. Three patients had 2 diverticula. The lower esophageal high pressure zone (LEHPZ) was assessed manometrically in 7 patients and the function of the esophageal body in all. LEHPZ pressure, length, and relaxation were normal in 4 patients, incomplete relaxation was present in 1 patient, and 2 had increased pressure. All 10 had abnormal esophageal body function including abnormalities of amplitude, duration, or propagation of contractions. pH assessment for reflux and clearance was performed in 4 patients. The acid clearance test was abnormal in all 4, and 2 patients had gastroesophageal reflux. One patient was managed medically and the other 9 surgically. Surgical treatment included diverticulectomy, myotomy, and an antireflux procedure in 7 patients; diverticulopexy, myotomy, and antireflux procedure in 1, and myotomy and antireflux procedure in 1. There was no operative mortality. Longterm clinical results are good. We conclude that symptomatic midesophageal and epiphrenic diverticula are caused by an abnormality of esophageal body or LEHPZ function which can be identified manometrically. These should, therefore, be thought of as pulsion diverticula. Surgery that addresses the underlying motor disorder can be performed safely and provides relief of symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 21 (1997), S. 599-604 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Esophageal resection is associated with a high incidence of operative mortality, suggesting the need for predictors of operative risk. A retrospective analysis was performed for esophagectomy patients using univariate and multivariate analyses; relative risks (RR) were calculated. Of the 269 patients, 35 (13%) died. The optimal model for the preoperative prediction of risk of mortality was defined by age ( p = 0.001; RR = 2.6) and performance status ( p = 0.04; RR = 1.9). Delimiting the data pool using a calculated risk of 0.2 accurately identified outcomes in 79% of patients and predicted 41% of deaths. The optimal model for the overall prediction of risk of mortality was defined by age ( p = 0.001; RR = 3.9), intraoperative blood loss ( p 〈 0.001; RR = 1.7), pulmonary complications ( p = 0.002; RR = 6.6), and the need for inotropic support ( p = 0.003; RR = 10.2). The individual risk of mortality after esophagectomy can be predicted preoperatively with a model based on patient age and performance status. The findings underscore the importance of preoperative evaluation of cardiopulmonary function, meticulous operative technique, and aggressive respiratory care in the management of the esophagectomy patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of aging on human cutaneous wound healing are poorly understood, and the possible role of reproductive hormones in this process has never been investigated. We report that aging in healthy females was associated with a reduced rate of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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