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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 19 (1986), S. 2572-2575 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 20 (1987), S. 191-193 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Exogenous administration of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) restores motor function in rats with neurotoxin-induced cerebellar deafferentation. We first determined that endogenous IGFs are directly involved in the recovery process because infusion of an IGF-I receptor antagonist into the lateral ventricle blocks gradual recovery of limb coordination that spontaneously occurs after partial deafferentation of the olivo-cerebellar circuitry. We then analysed mechanisms whereby exogenous IGF-I restores motor function in rats with complete damage of the olivo-cerebellar pathway. Treatment with IGF-I normalized several markers of cell function in the cerebellum, including calbindin, glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate, which are all depressed after 3-acetylpyridine (3AP)-induced deafferentation. IGF-I also promoted functional reinnervation of the cerebellar cortex by inferior olive (IO) axons. In the IO, increased expression of bax in neurons and bcl-X in astrocytes after 3AP was significantly reduced by IGF-I treatment. On the contrary, IGF-I prevented the decrease in poly-sialic-acid neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) and GAP-43 expression induced by 3AP in IO cells. IGF-I also significantly increased the number of neurons expressing bcl-2 in brainstem areas surrounding the IO. Altogether, these results indicate that subcutaneous IGF-I therapy promotes functional recovery of the olivo-cerebellar pathway by acting at two sites within this circuitry: (i) by modulating death- and plasticity-related proteins in IO neurons; and (ii) by impinging on homeostatic mechanisms leading to normalization of cell function in the cerebellum. These results provide insight into the neuroprotective actions of IGF-I and may be of practical consequence in the design of new therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Isozyme banding patterns (IBPs) were studied for cultivars of lily (Lilium spp.) by means of horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis (SGE). An array of continuous histidine-citrate buffer systems at eight ranges of pH and four extraction buffers were tested. On the basis of this survey, the extraction buffer two (Eb-2) and the buffer system E at pH 7.7 were found to be suitable for detection of lily isozymes. Using the SGE technique, IBP in catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6), esterase (EST; EC 3.1.1.1), malate dehydrogenase (MDH; EC 1.1.1.37), malic enzyme (MAL; EC 1.1.1.40), peroxidase (POX; EC 1.11.1.7), phosphoglucomutase (PGM; EC 2.7.5.1), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI; EC 5.3.1.9) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD; EC 1.1.1.44) were assayed. In total 29 cultivars were tested in this study: nine were analysed for all eight enzyme systems, 16 cultivars for seven systems, three for six, and one for five enzyme systems. Some IBP were identified as section-specific biochemical markers. Eight enzymes systems were analysed by constructing a dendogram using the unweighted pair group method, arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster analysis. The analysis indicated that the lily cultivars could be separated from other Lilium species, except for two L. x formonlogi cultivars:‘Hakuba’ and ‘Hakuko’ which could not be distinguished from each other by the isozyme patterns assayed here. This study shows that isozymes can provide useful biochemical markers for lily cultivar identification and to estimate the phylogenetic relationships among those cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Successful hybridization between Lilium concolor and Lilium longiflorum has not been reported but ovary slice culture technique, after cut-style pollination has now been used to produce diploid and triploid interspecific hybrids between these species. Reciprocal crosses between diploid cultivars (2n= 2x= 24) were conducted. 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 days after pollination (DAP), ovaries were sliced and cultured on a modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium without growth regulators and NH4NO3, supplemented with 6% sucrose, 50 mg/1 yeast extract and 0.25% gelrite at pH 6.3. For the L. concolor × L. longiflorum cross, embryo germination was found to be best at 20 DAP, while for the L. longiflorum × L. concolor at 25 DAP. After transfer to a MS (half-strength) medium supplemented with 1.5% sucrose, 0.25% gelrite and 0.2% active charcoal at pH 5.8, diploid and triploid hybrid plants were developed. All regenerated plants were identified as hybrids on the basis of karyotype and isozyme analyses. Ovary slice culture technique as a method of producing polyploids is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 115 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Ovary slice culture, after cut-style pollination, was used to develop interspecific hybrids between Lilium longiflorum and L. concolor. Reciprocal crosses between diploid cultivars (2n = 2x = 24) were carried out. On the days 30, 35, 40 and 45th after pollination (DAP), ovaries were sliced and cultured on a modified hormone-free Murashige-Skoog (M–S) medium without NH4NO3, supplemented with 6% sucrose, 50 mg/1 yeast extract and 0.25% gelrite at pH 6.3. For the L. longiflorum × L. concolor cross, ovule germination was found to be best at 30 DAP. After transfer to a M–S (half-strength) medium supplemented with 1.5% sucrose and 0.25% gelrite at pH 5.8, diploid and triploid hybrid plants were established. In contrast, ovules from the L. concolor × L. longiflorum cross did not germinate. The hybridity of the plantlets obtained was verified by karyotype and isozyme analysis. The importance of the ovary slice culture technique as a tool to develop new hybrids between incompatible lilly plants is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 10 (1977), S. 32-36 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The dielectric constants (εr) of several cadmium iodide polytypes have been measured and found to be higher than that of the parent 4H structure. The dielectric constants for several long-period polytypes have been found to lie between 60 and 190 whereas the 4H parent structure has a value in the range of about 15 to 30. In particular, both increasing polytype periodicity and increasing disorder increase the dielectric constant, e.g. from 16 for an ordered 4H structure to 114 for a 32H structure and 67 for a highly disordered 4H structure. In the absence of disorder a particular polytype has its own characteristic dielectric constant value, e.g. the two 14H polytypes which have a common εr value of 63.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 645-648 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The dielectric constants (εr) of cadmium iodide polytypes have been measured and found to be higher than that of the parent 4H structure. For example, whereas the εr for polytypic structures 32H and 34H is between 120 and 150, for the 4H structure it is between 20 and 25. A possible explanation for this decrease is suggested in terms of the occurrence of the stacking faults and their effect on the orientation polarizability of the cadmium iodide crystals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Brain asymmetry ; muscarinic receptor distribution ; muscarinic receptor subtypes ; cholinergic receptor regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution and down-regulation of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) were studied in dissociated cells from right (RCC) and left (LCC) cerebral cortex. For this purpose [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) and [3H]pirenzepine (Pz), two muscarinic antagonists, were used. The mAChR binding sites detected with [3H]QNB were asymmetrically distributed between the two hemispheres, the majority being found in the RCC. Asymmetry was also evident in the distribution of the mAChR subtypes (M1 and M2) detected with [3H]Pz. Under basal conditions the RCC had roughly 50% more M1 subtype than the LCC. The pharmacological and kinetic parameters were similar for both antagonists in RCC and LCC, indicating that the observed lateralization was due to a different density of the receptor rather than to different kinetics of binding of the two radioligands. After sustained stimulation with the agonist carbamoylcholine, the receptor sites detected with [3H]Pz, i.e. the M1 subtype of mAChR, decreased at a higher rate in the RCC (44%) than in the LCC (25% of controls), demonstrating that the down-regulation process is more active in the right than in the left cortex, and thus implying that there is better coupling between the stimulated mAChR and its effector system in the former.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Intermediate conductance Ca2+-dependent K+ channel Shaker B inactivating peptide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The patch-clamp technique was used to study the effect of intracellularly added inactivating "ball" peptide (BP) of the Shaker B K+ channel upon Ca2+-dependent inwardly rectifying K+ channels of the intermediate conductance type expressed in HeLa cells. Intracellular BP caused only moderate inhibition of outward K+ currents when assayed at an intracellular Ca2+ concentration of 100 nmol/l. Increasing intracellular Ca2+ levels led in itself to some voltage-dependent blockade of K+ currents, which was absent when high extracellular K+ was used. An additional strong blockade by intracellular BP was nevertheless observed both in Na+- and K+-rich extracellular solutions. A non-inactivating BP analogue had no effect. At this higher intracellular Ca2+ concentration the inhibition of these intermediate conductance Ca2+-dependent channels by BP was voltage-dependent, being absent at hyperpolarizing potentials, and could be relieved by increasing extracellular K+. These data suggest that BP acts at an internal pore site in Ca2+-dependent intermediate conductance K+ channels of HeLa cells, and that these might possess a receptor site for the peptide similar to that of other K+ channels such as Ca2+-activated maxi-K+ channels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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