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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PD98059 Prevents Neurite Degeneration Induced by Fibrillar β-Amyloid in Mature Hippocampal Neurons (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 74 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: How senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are linked represents a major gap in our understanding of the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We have previously shown that the addition of fibrillar β-amyloid (Aβ) to mature hippocampal neurons results in progressive neuritic degeneration accompanied by the enhanced phosphorylation of adult tau isoforms. In the present study, we sought to obtain more direct evidence of the signal transduction pathway(s) activated by fibrillar Aβ leading to tau phosphorylation and the generation of dystrophic neurites. Our results indicated that fibrillar Aβ induced the progressive and sustained activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in mature hippocampal neurons. On the other hand, the specific inhibition of the MAPK signal transduction pathway by means of PD98059, a MAPK kinase (MEK) specific inhibitor, prevented the phosphorylation of tau (at Ser199/Ser202) induced by fibrillar Aβ. In addition, the inhibition of MAPK activation partially prevented neurite degeneration. Taken collectively, our results suggest that the sustained activation of the MAPK signal transduction pathway induced by fibrillar Aβ may lead to the abnormal phosphorylation of tau and the neuritic degeneration observed in AD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0740125.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    S100β Induces Neuronal Cell Death Through Nitric Oxide Release from Astrocytes (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 69 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The glial-derived neurotrophic protein S100β has been implicated in the development and maintenance of the nervous system. S100β has also been postulated to play a role in mechanisms of neuropathology because of its specific localization and selective overexpression in Alzheimer's disease. However, the exact relationship between S100β overexpression and neurodegeneration is unclear. Recent data have demonstrated that treatment of cultured rat astrocytes with high concentrations of S100β results in a potent activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and a subsequent generation of nitric oxide (NO), which can lead to astrocytic cell death. To investigate whether S100β-induced NO release from astrocytes might influence neurons, we studied S100β effects on neuroblastoma B104 cells or primary hippocampal neurons co-cultured with astrocytes. We found that S100β treatment of astrocyte-neuron co-cultures resulted in neuronal cell death by both necrosis and apoptosis. Neuronal cell death induced by S100β required the presence of astrocytes and depended on activation of iNOS. Cell death correlated with the levels of NO and was blocked by a specific NOS inhibitor. Our data support the idea that overexpression of S100β may be an exacerbating factor in the neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69062294.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preferential dendritic localization of pericentriolar material in hippocampal pyramidal neurons in culture (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 25 (1993), S. 336-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: MTOC ; dendrites ; neurite extension ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Centrosomes are unique cytoplasmic structures which serve as microtubule organizing centers (MTOC). In most animal cells centrosomes consist of one or more pair of centrioles surrounded by electron dense amorphous pericentriolar material (PCM) responsible for nucleation of microtubules. In the present study we analyzed the pattern of induction and localization of proteins of the PCM at different stages of neuronal development in cell cultures prepared from the embryonic hippocampus. For this purpose we used a human polyclonal antibody that recognizes two proteins of the PCM (100 kd and 60 kd, respectively). The results indicate that in mature neurons, pericentriolar immunoreactive material is preferentially localized in dendritic processes, and that throughout the course of neurite development and differentiation it is systematically excluded from the neuron's axon. Western blot analysis showed that during neuronal development in situ, there is an increase in he immunoreactivity for both proteins recognized by this antibody. In contrast, in hippocampal pyramidal neurons that develop in culture, there is an increase in the 60 kd polypeptide, while the 100 kd one is not detected after 7 days in vitro. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970250404
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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