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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation of azo dyes in cocultures of anaerobic granular sludge with aerobic aromatic amine degrading enrichment cultures (1999)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 51 (1999), S. 865-871 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A prerequisite for the mineralization (complete biodegradation) of many azo dyes is a combination of reductive and oxidative steps. In this study, the biodegradation of two azo dyes, 4-phenylazophenol (4-PAP) and Mordant Yellow 10 (4-sulfophenylazo-salicylic acid; MY10), was evaluated in batch experiments where anaerobic and aerobic conditions were integrated by exposing anaerobic granular sludge to oxygen. Under these conditions, the azo dyes were reduced, resulting in a temporal accumulation of aromatic amines. 4-Aminophenol (4-AP) and aniline were detected from the reduction of 4-PAP. 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and sulfanilic acid (SA) were detected from the reduction of MY10. Subsequently, aniline was degraded further in the presence of oxygen by the facultative aerobic bacteria present in the anaerobic granular sludge. 5-ASA and SA were also degraded, if inocula from aerobic enrichment cultures were added to the batch experiments. Due to rapid autoxidation of 4-AP, no enrichment culture could be established for this compound. The results of this study indicate that aerobic enrichment cultures developed on aromatic amines combined with oxygen-tolerant anaerobic granular sludge can potentially be used to completely biodegrade azo dyes under integrated anaerobic/aerobic conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051475
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of anthracene in water/solvent mixtures by the white-rot fungus, Bjerkandera sp. strain BOS55 (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1995), S. 234-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are persistent priority pollutants of soil and sediments. The use of white-rot fungi has been proposed as a means of bioremediating PAH-polluted sites. However, higher PAH compounds of low bioavailability in polluted soil are biodegraded slowly. In order to enhance their bioavailability, PAH solubilization, can be increased in water/solvent mixtures. The oxidation of a model PAH compound, anthracene, in the presence of cosolvents by the white-rot fungus, Bjerkandera sp. strain BOS55 was investigated. Acetone and ethanol at 5% were toxic to this fungus when added at the time of inoculation. However, when solvents up to 20% (v/v) were added to 9-day-old cultures, ligninolytic activity as indicated by Poly R-478 dye decolorization and anthracene oxidation was evident for several days. Since 20% solvent was toxic to cells, the oxidation of anthracene can be attributed to extracellular peroxidases, which were shown to tolerate the solvent. Solvent additions of 11%–21% (v/v) acetone or ethanol increased the rate of anthracene bioconversion to anthraquinone in liquid medium by a factor of 2–3 compared to fungal cultures receiving 1%–3% solvent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164508
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrient regulation of extracellular peroxidases in the white rot fungus, Bjerkandera sp. strain BOS55 (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1996), S. 778-784 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Previous research indicated that the production of peroxidases in Bjerkandera sp. strain BOS55 increased under N-sufficient conditions. In this study different organic N sources (amino acids, peptides, proteins) were tested as N supplements. Most N sources significantly enhanced the titres of peroxidases, which increased in parallel with growth. While peroxidase production by Bjerkandera sp. strain BOS55 was not repressed by the addition of sufficient or excess nitrogen, the occurrence of ligninolytic activity was a secondary metabolic event triggered by the cessation of growth. Among the factors studied (O2, macronutrients, micronutrients, and vitamins), only those supplements with additional carbon or carbon and nitrogen increased the growth, indicating that the secondary metabolism was triggered by carbon limitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00178618
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrient regulation of extracellular peroxidases in the white rot fungus,Bjerkandera sp. strain BOS55 (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1996), S. 778-784 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Previous research indicated that the production of peroxidases inBjerkandera sp. strain BOS55 increased under N-sufficient conditions. In this study different organic N sources (amino acids, peptides, proteins) were tested as N supplements. Most N sources significantly enhanced the titres of peroxidases, which increased in parallel with growth. While peroxidase production byBjerkandera sp. strain BOS55 was not repressed by the addition of sufficient or excess nitrogen, the occurrence of ligninolytic activity was a secondary metabolic event triggered by the cessation of growth. Among the factors studied (O2, macronutrients, micronutrients, and vitamins), only those supplements with additional carbon or carbon and nitrogen increased the growth, indicating that the secondary metabolism was triggered by carbon limitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00178618
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ubiquity of natural adsorbable organic halogen production among basidiomycetes (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 45 (1996), S. 710-718 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Recently, several species of basidiomycetes were shown to produce de novo high concentrations of chloroaromatic metabolites. Since these lignocellulose-degrading fungi play a major role in the ecosphere, the purpose of this study was to determine the ubiquity of organohalogen production among basidiomycetes. A total of 191 fungal strains were monitored for adsorbable organic halogen (AOX) production when grown on defined liquid media. Approximately 50% of the strains tested and 55% of the genera tested produced AOX. A low production of 0.1–0.5 mg AOX/l was observed among 25% of the strains, a moderate production of 0.5–5.0 mg AOX/l was observed among 16% of the strains and 9% of the strains produced high levels (5–67 mg AOX/l). The latter group was dominated by species belonging to the genera Hypholoma, Mycena and Bjerkandera, showing specific AOX productions in the range 1074–30893 mg AOX/kg dry weight of mycelial biomass. Many highly ecologically significant fungal species were identified among the moderate to high producers. These species were also able to produce AOX when cultivated on natural lignocellulosic substrates. Hypholoma fasciculare and Mycena metata respectively produced up to 132 mg and 193 mg AOX/kg dry weight of forest litter substrate in 6 weeks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050752
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of anthracene in water/solvent mixtures by the white-rot fungus, Bjerkandera sp. strain BOS55 (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1995), S. 234-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are persistent priority pollutants of soil and sediments. The use of white-rot fungi has been proposed as a means of bioremediating PAH-polluted sites. However, higher PAH compounds of low bioavailability in polluted soil are biodegraded slowly. In order to enhance their bioavailability, PAH solubilization, can be increased in water/solvent mixtures. The oxidation of a model PAH compound, anthracene, in the presence of cosolvents by the white-rot fungus, Bjerkandera sp. strain BOS55 was investigated. Acetone and ethanol at 5% were toxic to this fungus when added at the time of inoculation. However, when solvents up to 20% (v/v) were added to 9-day-old cultures, ligninolytic activity as indicated by Poly R-478 dye decolorization and anthracene oxidation was evident for several days. Since 20% solvent was toxic to cells, the oxidation of anthracene can be attributed to extracellular peroxidases, which were shown to tolerate the solvent. Solvent additions of 11%–21% (v/v) acetone or ethanol increased the rate of anthracene bioconversion to anthraquinone in liquid medium by a factor of 2–3 compared to fungal cultures receiving 1%–3% solvent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050547
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The physiology of anthracene biodegradation by the white-rot fungus Bjerkandera sp. strain BOS55 (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 42 (1994), S. 179-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A recently isolated white-rot strain, Bjerkandera sp. strain BOS55, displays high extracellular peroxidase activity, and rapidly degrades polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). In this study, the culture conditions for the biodegradation of the model PAH compound, anthracene, were optimized with respect to O2, N, and C. An additional objective was to determine if the decolorization of the polymeric ligninolytic indicator dye, Poly R-478, could be correlated to anthracene biodegradation observed under a wide range of culture conditions. The supply of O2 was found to be the most important parameter in the biodegradation of anthracene. Increasing culture aeration enhanced the biodegradation of anthracene and the accumulation of its peroxidase-mediated oxidation product anthraquinone. Decolorization of Poly R-478 was less affected by inadequate aeration. Provided that ample aeration was supplied, the degradation of anthracene under different culture conditions was strongly correlated with the ligninolytic activity as indicated by the rate of Poly R-478 decolorization. Concentrations up to 22 mM NH4 + N did not repress anthracene biodegradation and only caused a 0%–40% repression of the Poly R-478 decolorizing activity in various experiments. A cosubstrate requirement of 100 mg glucose / mg anthracene biodegraded was observed in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170243
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The physiology of anthracene biodegradation by the white-rot fungus Bjerkandera sp. strain BOS55 (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 42 (1994), S. 179-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A recently isolated white-rot strain, Bjerkandera sp. strain BOS55, displays high extracellular peroxidase activity, and rapidly degrades polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). In this study, the culture conditions for the biodegradation of the model PAH compound, anthracene, were optimized with respect to O2, N, and C. An additional objective was to determine if the decolorization of the polymeric ligninolytic indicator dye, Poly R-478, could be correlated to anthracene biodegradation observed under a wide range of culture conditions. The supply of O2 was found to be the most important parameter in the biodegradation of anthracene. Increasing culture aeration enhanced the biodegradation of anthracene and the accumulation of its peroxidase-mediated oxidation product anthraquinone. Decolorization of Poly R-478 was less affected by inadequate aeration. Provided that ample aeration was supplied, the degradation of anthracene under different culture conditions was strongly correlated with the ligninolytic activity as indicated by the rate of Poly R-478 decolorization. Concentrations up to 22 mM NH4 +N did not repress anthracene biodegradation and only caused a 0%–40% repression of the Poly R-478 decolorizing activity in various experiments. A cosubstrate requirement of 100 mg glucose / mg anthracene biodegraded was observed in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050235
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of aryl acids by white-rot fungi for the biocatalytic production of aryl aldehydes and alcohols (1999)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 52 (1999), S. 834-838 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Ligninolytic basidiomycetes were screened for their ability to reduce aryl acids to the corresponding aldehydes and alcohols. Seven fungal strains converted p-anisic acid in high molar yields to the reduced products. The white-rot fungus Bjerkandera sp. strain BOS55 was one of the best reducing strains and was highly tolerant towards high concentrations of different aromatic acids. It was tested for the reduction of p-anisic, veratric, 3-chloro-4-methoxybenzoic, 3,5-dichloro-4-methoxybenzoic, 3,4-dichlorobenzoic, 4-fluorobenzoic, and 3-nitrobenzoic acids. All of these compounds were reduced to their corresponding aldehydes and alcohols.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051600
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaerobic biodegradability of alkylphenols and fuel oxygenates in the presence of alternative electron acceptors (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 54 (2000), S. 692-697 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Alkylphenols and fuel oxygenates are important environmental pollutants produced by the petrochemical industry. A batch biodegradability test was conducted with selected ortho-substituted alkylphenols (2-cresol, 2,6-dimethylphenol and 2-ethylphenol), fuel oxygenates (methyl tert-butyl ether, ethyl tert-butyl ether and tert-amylmethyl ether) and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) as model compounds. The ortho-substituted alkylphenols were not biodegraded after 100 days of incubation under methanogenic, sulfate-, or nitrate-reducing conditions. However, biodegradation of 2-cresol and 2-ethylphenol (150 mg l−1) was observed in the presence of Mn (IV) as electron acceptor. The biodegradation of these two compounds took place in less than 15 days and more than 90% removal was observed for both compounds. Mineralization was indicated since no UV-absorbing metabolites accumulated after 23 days of incubation. These alkylphenols were also slowly chemically oxidized by Mn (IV). No biodegradation of fuel oxygenates or TBA (1 g l−1) was observed after 80 or more days of incubation under methanogenic, Fe (III)-, or Mn (IV)-reducing conditions, suggesting that these compounds are recalcitrant under anaerobic conditions. The fuel oxygenates caused no toxicity towards acetoclastic methanogens activity in anaerobic granular sludge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530000429
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