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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Quantitative electron microscopy ; rabbit pancreas ; β-cells ; In vitro ; stimulation glucose tolbutamide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a comparé l'aspect au microscope électronique des cellules bêta de pancréas de lapin prélevésin vivo et après incubationin vitro, et on a étudié les effets, sur la cytomorphologie de la cellule bêta, de la stimulation de la libération d'insulinein vitro par un taux élevé de glucose et par le tolbutamide. Une partie des cellules bêta conservait sa structure normale au cours de l'incubationin vitro; ceci variait dans les différents échantillons de 35 à 100 pour cent. La cause de cette variation n'était pas apparente, mais elle n'était pas influencée par la durée de l'incubation, ni par la concentration du milieu en glucose, ni par le tolbutamide. On a fait des mesures quantitatives de la proportion de profils de cellules bêta, présentant une distribution marginale des granules, du nombre de contacts entre les membranes des sacs granulaires et la membrane plasmatique, du nombre de sacs granulaires présentant des perforations, de la densité de population des granules spécifiques de sécrétion, des lysosomes et des corps autophagiques, et on a fait des estimations de l'étendue de l'appareil de Golgi dans les coupes transversales. On n'a pas observé de modifications constantes dans ces paramètres après stimulation de la libération d'insuline par le glucose ou le tolbutamide. Dans aucun des spécimens examinés il n'y avait de signe de continuité entre l'intérieur d'un sac granulaire et l'extérieur d'une cellule bêta. Des calculs basés sur le taux de libération d'insuline et sur le contenu en insuline du pancréas, indiquent qu'il y a peu de chance de visualiser l'extrusion d'un granule au microscope électronique. L'importance de ces résultats en relation avec la théorie d'émiocytose de la sécrétion d'insuline (Lacy andHartroft) est discutée.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Das elektronenoptische Bild von β-Zellen ausin vivo entnommenem Kaninchenpankreas wurde vor und nachin vitro Inkubation verglichen und die Auswirkungen der invitro durch Glucose und Tolbutamid herbeigeführten Insulinfreisetzung auf die β-Zell-Zytomorphologie untersucht. Ein Teil der β-Zellen behielt auch nachin vitro Inkubation seine normale Struktur; dieser Anteil schwankte in den verschiedenen Ansätzen zwischen 35 und 100%. Die Ursache dieser Schwankungen ließ sich nicht nachweisen. Die Inkubationsdauer und die Glucose- oder Tolbutamidkonzentration im Medium hatten keinen Einfluß darauf. Quantitativ bestimmt wurden: Der Anteil der β-Zellprofile, die eine randständige Granulaverteilung aufwiesen; die Anzahl der Kontakte zwischen Granula- und Plasmamembran; die Anzahl der Granula, die Perforationen aufwiesen; die Bevölkerungsdichte spezifischer Sekretionsgranula und die Zahl der Lysosomen und Autophagen. Ferner wurde die Ausprägung des Golgi-Apparates in den einzelnen Schnitten geschätzt. Nach Anregung der Insulinfreisetzung durch Glucose oder Tolbutamid wurden keine konstanten Änderungen dieser Parameter beobachtet. In keinem der untersuchten Präparate ließ sich eine Verbindung zwischen dem Inneren eines Granula-Sackes und der Umgebung der Zelle nachweisen. Berechnungen, die sich auf die Insulinfreisetzungsrate und auf den Insulingehalt des Pankreas stützen, ergeben allerdings nur eine geringe Wahrscheinlichkeit dafür, daß sich ein Granulaaustritt elektronenmikroskopisch darstellen läßt. Die Bedeutung dieser Ergebnisse in Bezug auf die Emiozytose-Theorie der Insulinfreisetzung (Lacy undHartroft) wird besprochen.
    Notes: Summary The electron microscopic appearances of rabbit pancreas β-cells takenin vivo and afterin vitro incubation have been compared and the effects of high glucose and tolbutamide stimulation of insulin releasein vitro on β-cell cytomorphology investigated. Normal structure was maintained onin vitro incubation in a proportion of β-cells; this varied in different samples from 35–100 per cent. The cause of this variation was not apparent but it was not influenced by the time of incubation, medium glucose concentration or tolbutamide. Quantitative measurements have been made of the proportion of β-cell profiles showing marginal distribution of granules, of the number of contacts between granule sac membranes and the plasma membrane, of the number of granule sacs showing perforations, of the population density of specific secretion granules, lysosomes and autophagic bodies, and estimates have been made of the extent of the Golgi apparatus in cross section. No consistent change in these parameters was observed following stimulation of insulin release with glucose or tolbutamide. There was no evidence in any of the specimens examined of continuity between the interior of a granule sac and the outside of a β-cell. Calculations based on the rate of release of insulin and the insulin content of the pancreas indicate that the chance of visualising granule extrusion by electron microscopy is small. The significance of these results in relation to the emiocytosis theory of insulin release (Lacy andHartroft) is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 210 (1966), S. 395-397 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SOME years ago, an extensive investigation1'2 by Todd et al. directed attention to a range of remarkable colouring matters found in the haemolymph of various species of aphids. These substances were observed to fall into a number of groups, one of which has been investigated chemically in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 21 (1965), S. 425-430 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Struktur des Ryanodins und die Natur der Ryanodin-Anhydroryanodin-Umlagerung wird diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 23 (1967), S. 377-378 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die besondere Eigenschaft desn-Octadekanitrils als Lockstoff für die männliche MotteChoristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) wurde festgestellt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 74 (1966), S. 317-324 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Both in normal pancreatic β cells and in the adrenal medulla discontinuities have frequently been observed in the individual membranes surrounding secretion granules. In the β cells the edges of these hiatuses are characteristically inverted in the manner of a scroll. It is suggested that intracytoplasmic release of secretory material may occur through these membrane perforations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 220 (1981), S. 623-636 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mongolian gerbil ; Obese, lean ; Fasting blood glucose ; Glucose tolerance ; Body form ; Islets of Langerhans (quantitative histology)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Gerbils were divided, on the basis of body weight, into obese (〉80 gms) and lean (〈80 gms) groups. Fasting blood glucose estimations on all 31 gerbils, and glucose tolerance tests on 9 lean and 6 obese animals, were carried out. All lean and some obese gerbils were normoglycaemic and other obese were hyperglycaemic. All obese gerbils exhibited glucose intolerance. General morphological studies were untertaken as follows: (i) assessment of mesenteric fat deposits, (ii) measurement of anterior abdominal wall thickness, (iii) ratio of animal length to width at specified loci (index of shape). The degree of obesity was less than previously reported in this species though blood glucose abnormality was comparable. The index of animal shape showed a strong correlation with body weight. The following kinds of histological observation were made on pancreases from 4 lean and 4 obese gerbils: (i) % islet representation, (ii) islet size distribution, (iii) β-cell granularity, (iv) islet vascularity, (v) islet/duct association, (vi) proportions of α- and D-cells, (vii) glycogen deposition in islet and duct cells. The pancreases of obese gerbils contained a higher proportion of islet tissue than those of lean due to generally larger islets: this hyperplasia was mainly attributable to β-cell proliferation. Many obese gerbil islets exhibited hyperaemia and β-cell degranulation. There was no evidence of glycogen depositon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 10 (1977), S. 255-257 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 13C n.m.r. spectra of the 5β-hydroxylated phytoecdysones polypodine B, muristerone A and kaladasterone are presented and briefly discussed together with the spectrum of makisterone A. Comparisons with previously reported spectra of ecdysone, ecdysterone and poststerone are made and allow a correction for the C-20/C-24 assignment for ecdysone.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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