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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-dependent pre- and postsynaptic distribution of AMPA receptors at synapses in CA3 stratum radiatum of hippocampal slice cultures compared with intact brain (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 12 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Organotypic slice cultures of rat hippocampus are widely used as experimental preparations for the study of synaptic plasticity, but their degree of correspondence with intact brain is not fully known. Here, using postembedding immunogold labelling, we describe the ultrastructural distribution of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (GluR1–4) in CA3 stratum radiatum of organotypic hippocampal slice cultures at 10 days to 11 weeks in vitro and compare the labelling with intact brain of corresponding age. In both types of preparation, the 11-week-old samples contained the highest proportion of AMPA receptor-like immunoreactive synapses. The incidence of labelled synapses, however, was higher in vivo (49%) than in vitro (24%). The intensity of labelling (number of gold particles per labelled synapse) also increased with age and was also higher in vivo than in vitro. In both organotypic cultures and intact brain, labelling was frequently found at presynaptic sites, often attached to vesicular structures. The specificity of these findings was supported both by light microscopic immunolabelling of GluR2/3 subunits and by electron microscopic double labelling of different epitopes of the GluR2 subunit. The vesicular localization of AMPA receptors was supported by Western blot analysis of subcellular fractions. Morphological evidence of presynaptic excitatory innervation of glutamatergic neurons supports a functional role for presynaptically located AMPA receptors. Our results therefore suggest that AMPA receptors occur in both pre- and postsynaptic profiles and that the distribution of AMPA receptors in cultured brain slices is fundamentally similar to intact brain, but that synaptic maturation may be retarded in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00265.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Loss of adenylyl cyclase I activity disrupts patterning of mouse somatosensory cortex (1998)
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature genetics 19 (1998), S. 289-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The somatosensory (SI) cortex of mice displays a patterned, nonuniform distribution of neurons in layer IV called the 'barrelfield' ( ref. 1). Thalamocortical afferents (TCAs) that terminate in layer IV are segregated such that each barrel, a readily visible cylindrical array of neurons ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/980
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurochemistry: Peptides and Alzheimer's disease (1986)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 319 (1986), S. 537-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE observation ten years ago that cho-linergenic enzyme activities are reduced in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease1"3 triggered a surge of interest in the biology of acetylcholine in the mammalian forebrain. Since then it has become clear that the neurochemical pathology of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/319537a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative three-dimensional confocal microscopy of synaptic structures in living brain tissue (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 29 (1994), S. 290-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Neural plasticity ; Image processing ; Deconvolution ; Three-dimensional reconstruction ; Volume rendering ; Fluorescent tracers ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: In order to study changes in synaptic structure that accompany learning and memory, we have developed optical methods to visualize dendritic spines and presynaptic terminals in living, electrically monitored brain slices maintained in vitro. Focal microapplication of the fluorescent lipophilic dye DiI provides Golgi-like staining of small numbers of cells and processes that can be resolved clearly using confocal microscoopy; viability of stained cells is established by exclusion of the fluorescent DNA-binding dye ethidium bromide. Serial optical sections are enhanced by deconvolution and other image processing methods. The resulting high-resolution images are combined in an automated procedure to generate three-dimensional reconstructions, in which submicron synaptic structures can be viewed and measured. These unbiased methods allow volume changes in individual, living synaptic structures to be assessed quantitatively over periods of hours or days in development or in response to stimulation, drug application, or other perturbations. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070290405
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous in situ hybridization and TUNEL to identify cells undergoing apoptosis (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 29 (1997), S. 413-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Apoptotic cells in tissue sections can be localized by in situ labelling of partly degraded DNA. In a heterogeneous population of cells, however, the specific identity of cell types undergoing apoptosis often cannot be reliably achieved at the light microscope level because of the marked alterations in cellular morphology that characterize apoptosis. In order to clearly specify cell types undergoing apoptosis, in situ end labelling has been coupled to immunohistochemistry. This method is limited by the availability of antibodies that bind to cell-specific protein markers in tissue sections. In contrast, we describe a method that combines in situ end labelling with in situ hybridization, a technique that specifies cell types based on mRNA expression. Taking advantage of the specific expression of surfactant protein C mRNA in type II alveolar epithelial cells, we demonstrate that this technique has the ability to localize alveolar type II cells undergoing apoptosis in vivo after the intratracheal instillation of an antibody that activates the cell surface Fas protein. The wide availability of cell-specific gene markers suggests that this method can be adapted to define cell types that undergo apoptosis during various physiological and pathological states in vivo
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026447119673
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