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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production and detection of cold antihydrogen atoms (2002)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 419 (2002), S. 456-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A theoretical underpinning of the standard model of fundamental particles and interactions is CPT invariance, which requires that the laws of physics be invariant under the combined discrete operations of charge conjugation, parity and time reversal. Antimatter, the existence of which was ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01096
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The finite length diocotron mode (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 5 (1998), S. 601-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A simple model is presented of a finite length electron plasma column supporting a small amplitude diocotron wave with mode number m=1. The electrons are contained inside conducting cylinders in an axial magnetic field, with negative voltages on end cylinders providing axial containment. The m=1 diocotron mode is the E×B drift orbit of an offset electron column around the cylinder axis, due to radial electric fields from image charges on the wall. The model predicts that the mode frequency will be higher than that of an infinitely long column due to θ-drifts from the radial containment fields at the plasma ends. The predicted dependencies on plasma length, radius, and temperature agree well with experiments, where frequency increases up to 2.5× are observed. For very short plasmas, these containment fields predominate over the image charge fields, and the plasma orbit is called the "magnetron" mode. The shift in the magnetron frequency due to image charges is also calculated. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872752
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experiments on vortex dynamics in pure electron plasmas (1990)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 2 (1990), S. 1359-1366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetically confined columns of electrons are excellent experimental manifestations of two-dimensional (2-D) vortices in an inviscid fluid. Surface charge perturbations on the electron column (diocotron modes) are equivalent to surface ripples on extended vortices; and unstable diocotron modes on hollow electron columns are examples of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. Experiments demonstrate that the stable and unstable modes are distinct and may coexist, having different frequencies and radial eigenfunctions. For azimuthal mode number l=1, an exponentially unstable mode is observed on hollow columns, in apparent contradiction to 2-D fluid theory. For l=2, a similar unstable mode is observed, consistent with fluid theory. These diocotron instabilities on hollow columns saturate with the formation of smaller vortex structures, and radial transport is determined by the nonlinear interaction of these secondary vortices. The vortex pairing instability has been observed for isolated, well-controlled vortices, and the instability is found to depend critically on the vortex separation distance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.859556
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of radial losses in a pure electron plasma (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 29 (1986), S. 2015-2017 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new pure electron-plasma containment apparatus exhibits radial losses approximately 20 times smaller than the prior apparatus. However, the new containment times show the same (L/B)−2 scaling with plasma column length and magnetic field as obtained previously. The radial transport is apparently induced by small irregularities that break the cylindrical symmetry of the magnetic and electric containment fields. The fact that the two devices show the same (L/B)−2 scaling suggests the dominance of a single generic process, although this process has not yet been identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.865580
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple theory of a nonlinear diocotron mode (1992)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 3981-3984 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A simple perturbation theory of the frequencies and density distortions of the l=1 diocotron mode on pure electron plasma columns is presented. This mode is the dynamical state of an off-axis electron column which is orbiting around the containment axis at the E×B drift velocity. The theory predicts shifts in the orbit frequency and quadrupole distortions of the plasma surface, both varying as the offset squared, in good agreement with experiments. The results also apply to a two-dimensional vortex patch in an inviscid fluid with circular boundaries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860301
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vortex crystals from 2D Euler flow: Experiment and simulation (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 11 (1999), S. 905-914 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Vortex-in-cell simulations that numerically integrate the 2D Euler equations are compared directly to experiments on magnetized electron columns [K. S. Fine, A. C. Cass, W. G. Flynn, and C. F. Driscoll, "Relaxation of 2D turbulence to vortex crystals," Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3277 (1995)], where turbulent flows relax to metastable vortex crystals. A vortex crystal is a lattice of intense small diameter vortices that rotates rigidly in a lower vorticity background. The simulations and experiments relax at the same rates to vortex crystals with similar vorticity distributions. The relaxation is caused by mixing of the background by the intense vortices: the relaxation rate is peaked when the background circulation is 0.2–0.4 times the total circulation. Close quantitative agreement between experiment and simulation provides strong evidence that vortex crystals can be explained without incorporating physics beyond 2D Euler theory, despite small differences between a magnetized electron column and an ideal 2D fluid. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869961
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