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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Medicine 49 (1998), S. 95-109 
    ISSN: 0066-4219
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy (LIHR) was introduced with the following potential advantages: less postoperative discomfort and pain, reduced recovery time that allows earlier return to full activity, easier repair of a recurrent hernia, the ability to treat bilateral hernias concurrently, the performance of a simultaneous diagnostic laparoscopy, ligation of the hernia sac at the highest possible site, improved cosmesis, and decreased incidence of recurrence. Potential disadvantages include complications, such as bowel, bladder, and vascular injuries; potential adhesive complications at sites where the peritoneum has been breached or prosthetic material has been placed; the apparent need, at least at the present, for a general anesthetic; and the increased cost because of expensive equipment needs. Most surgeons agree that LIHR has a role in the management of patients with a recurrent hernia after a conventional inguinal herniorrhaphy (CIHR), bilateral inguinal hernia, or a need for laparoscopy for another procedure, such as laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The routine use of LIHR for the unilateral, uncomplicated hernia is a more contentious issue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le cancer du sein héréditaire (CSH) est cliniquement et génétiquement hétérogène. au point de vue clinique, le cancer dbute habituellement à un âge jeune, est souvent bilatéral, et est parfois associé à d'autres cancers primitifs, comme par exemple dans le syndrome de cancer héréditaire du sein et de l'ovaire (SCO). On peut également observer d'autres génotypes présumés susceptibles de donner des cancers du sein héréditaires ainsi que le syndrome Li-Fraumeni (SBLA), caractérisé par l'envahissement des trois couches germinales et comprenant les tumeurs sarcomateuses, les tumeurs du cerveau, les leucémies, les lymphomes, et des cancers des corticosurrénales associées à des cancers du sein à un âge précoce. Le cancer du sein est parfois associé à la maladie de Cowden, une maladie autosomique dominante, et la télangiectasie ataxique, une maladie autosomique récessive. Des exemples de “pedigrees” de plusieurs types des CSH sont présentés, soulignant l'hétérogénéité de ce syndrome. La plus récente identification du gène BRCA1 et son rôle dans le cancer du sein et le syndrome HBOC est un nouveau challenge pour le généticien d'aujourd'hui. Nous passons en revue nos attitudes de conseil génétique comprenant à la fois les recommandations de surveillance nouveau challenge pour le généticien d'aujourd'hui. Nous passons en revue nos attitudes de conseil génétique comprenant à la fois les recommandations de surveillance et d'attitude thérapeutiques compatibles avec l'histoire naturelle des CSH, et qui ont trait au développement future des Centres spécialisés pour évaluer ces CSH dans le but l'améliorer leur contrôle.
    Abstract: Resumen El cáncer mamario hereditario (CMH) exhibe una gran heterogeneidad clínica y genética. Desde el punto de vista clínico, se observa el comienzo del cáncer mamario en una edad temprana, una tasa considerable de bilateralidad, y patrones de múltiples cánceres primarios, tal como la combinación de carcinomas mamario y ovárico en el síndrome del cáncer de seno-ovario hereditarios (CSOH). Además del CSOH, se puede observar una variedad de genotipos putativos propensos al cáncer, incluyendo el cáncer mamario hereditario de ubicación específica y el síndrome de Li-Fraumeni, que se caracteriza por cánceres que afectan a todas las tres capas germinales, incluyendo sarcomas, tumores cerebrales, leucemia, linfoma y carcinoma adrenocortical, además de un notorio comienzo precoz del cáncer mamario. El cáncer mamario también se asocia con la enfermedad de Cowden hereditaria y autosómica dominante y con la ataxia-telangiectasia autosómicamente recesiva. Se presentan ejemplos de pedigríes que ilustran diversos síndromes de CMH, con el objeto de demostrar la heterogeneidad del CMH. La reciente identificación del gen BRCA1 en el cáncer mamario hereditario, de ubicación específica y de comienzo temprano, y el sindrome CSOH, ha significado nuevos desafíos para el consejero genético. En este artículo hacemos una revisión de la consejería genética que se refiere a la vigilancia y a las recomendaciones sobre manejo que corresponda a la historia natural del CMH, y enfocamos el concepto en cuanto al desarrollo de centros de especializados en CMH, con el propósito de mejorar el control del cáncer.
    Notes: Abstract Hereditary breast cancer (HBC) shows extant clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Clinically one finds the onset of breast cancer at an early age, an excess of bilaterality, and patterns of multiple primary cancer such as combinations of breast and ovarian carcinoma in the hereditary breast-ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome. In addition to HBOC, one sees a variety of putative breast cancer-prone genotypes inclusive of hereditary site-specific breast cancer, and the Li-Frameni (SBLA) syndrome that is characterized by cancers involving all three germinal layers including sarcomas, brain tumors, leukemia, lymphoma, and adrenal cortical carcinoma in addition to often markedly early-onset breast cancer. Breast cancer is also associated with autosomal dominantly inherited Cowden's disease and autosomal recessively inherited ataxia-telangiectasia. Examples of pedigrees depicting clincal examples of these several HBC syndromes are presented in order to describe HBC's heterogeneity. The recent identification of the BRCA1 gene in early-onset hereditary sitespecific breast cancer and the HBOC syndrome has led to new challenges for the genetic counselor. We review genetic counseling, which embraces surveillance and management recommendations that are responsive to the natural history of HBC and address the concept for future development of centers of expertise for HBC in the interest of improving cancer control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Laparoscopy ; Herniorrhaphy ; Prosthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Anterior inguinal hernia repair is the second-most-commonly performed abdominal operation and has been associated with low morbidity and mortality rates. The principle of laparoscopy has been applied to this surgical problem in a series of 762 patients with 841 inguinal hernias. Four types of laparoscopic repairs were conducted: (1) high ligation of the indirect inguinal hernia sac and closure of the internal ring (87 patients with 89 hernias); (2) plug and patch of the internal ring (74 patients with 87 hernias); (3) transperitoneal suture repair of the transversalis fascia to the iliopubic tract or Cooper's ligament (28 patients with 30 hernias); and (4) placement of a large prosthesis over the myopectoneal orifice (563 patients with 635 hernias). These early results indicate that the overall complication rates were low, especially when a large prosthesis was used to reinforce the myopectoneal orifice. It is concluded that laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy is a safe and effective procedure with which to manage this surgical problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Desmoids ; Genetics ; Chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to describe the natural history and management of surgically unresectable intra-abdominal desmoid tumors in two patients with Gardner's syndrome from two unrelated families, where each had failed on conventional therapy. METHODS: Two patients with Gardner's syndrome were placed on a chemotherapy regimen which included doxorubicin (90 mg/m2) and dacarbazine (900 mg/m2) in divided doses over four days of continuous infusion. Their progress on chemotherapy was assessed by abdominal computerized tomography and laparoscopy. RESULTS: The computerized abdominal tomography scans proved difficult to interpret because of adhesions and matted small bowel resulting from the patients original colectomies. These findings made it difficult to differentiate postoperative changes from residual desmoid tumor. Second-look laparotomy in such patients was contraindicated as this may predispose to further desmoid production. Laparoscopy disclosed a complete response to this chemotherapy. Nevertheless, we had an iatrogenic small bowel perforation in one of these patients. Each patient showed a complete response to chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Surgical resection remains the first-line treatment of intra-abdominal desmoid tumors. However, doxorubicin/ dacarbazine chemotherapy on a clinical trial basis may be indicated in patients whose intra-abdominal desmoid is unresectable, or who have failed to respond to treatment with hormones (tamoxifen, Toremifene), steroids (prednisone), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (Clinoril®; Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: hereditary breast cancer ; early onset ; diagnostic clues ; family history
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Knowledge of the family history of cancer may significantly influence diagnosis and surgical management. Hereditary breast cancer (HBC) is common and accounts for approximately 9% of the total breast cancer burden. The pattern of HBC's natural history, including age of onset, increased incidence of bilaterality, integral tumor combinations in certain kindreds, and vertical transmission consonant with an autosomal dominantly inherited factor, when observed in context with the family history, enables pattern recognition so that the diagnosis might be facilitated. We describe seven families from our Hereditary Cancer Consultation Center (HCCC) and the Creighton Oncology Clinic which are noteworthy for extraordinarily early age of onset. This appears to be an additional example of heterogeneity in HBC and may represent the first account of this remarkable subset. The manner in which age of onset can be incorporated with other aspects of natural history for expediting diagnosis is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: gross anatomical technique ; laparoscopie herniorrhaphy ; clinical relevance ; surgical anatomic perspective ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The usual dissection by medical students of the anterior abdominal wall and the inguinal region proceeds from superficial to deep; special emphasis is placed on the sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle and lateral muscular layers. We suggest an alternate approach to dissection of this region that has the following advantages: (1) sparing of delicate deep structures not often fully appreciated by students; (2) provision of an opportunity to visualize the region from a laparoscopic surgeon's vantage point; (3) considerably reduced time spent dissecting and identifying structures and relationships, especially peritoneal reflections important in laparoscopic procedures. Our dissection begins with bilateral subcostal incisions through the entire thickness of the anterior abdominal wall and peritoneum, which extend laterally and inferiorly to the level of the anterior superior iliac spines, thereby forming a large, inverted, U-shaped flap. This flap is reflected inferiorly, allowing abdominal viscera to be dissected, and ultimately removed en bloc. The flap is then drawn cranially and stretched somewhat to approximate its position when the abdomen is inflated with C02 during laparoscopic procedures. Major land-marks, including the deep inguinal ring, are noted and the flap is again reflected inferiorly for dissection beginning with the peritoneum and transversalis fascia. This method of dissecting the anterior abdominal wall and inguinal region results in more facile and timely identification of both superficial and deep structures of the anterior abdominal wall and inguinal region, and superficial and deep structures of the anterior abdominal wall and inguinal region, and provides a clinically relevant demonstration of anatomy from a laparoscopic perspective. © 1995 WiIey-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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