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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une méthode simplifiée a été mise au point pour recycler le petit lait dans la production du complexe spore-δ-endotoxine de certaines variétés entomopathogènes deBacillus thuringiensis Berliner. Le procédé proposé a pour but la protection de l'environnement par un double canal chimique, c'est-à-dire la réduction de la demande biologique en oxygène du sous produit étudié et son incorporation dans une fermentation microbienne pour la fabrication d'insecticides biologiques non polluants. Le petit lait peut être employé avec succès pour la production d'endotoxine à la fois en tant que milieux complets de fermentation et avec des traitements simples. L'addition aux milieux à base de petit lait de graines de légumineuses et de levure alimentaire aboutit à une augmentation sensible des rendements en endotoxine mais la toxicité n'est pas accrue en proportion. Des essais biologiques normalisés montrent une activité élevée de certaines souches deB.t. var.entomocidus, kurstaki etgalleriae qui produisent des endotoxines très actives à l'égard des larves de 3e stage deSpodoptera littoralis Boisduval,Spodoptera exigua Hübner etHeliothis armigera Hübner. La méthode proposée et les résultats obtenus sont discutés en vue de leur faisabilité d'application.
    Notes: Abstract A simplified approach was devised to recycle sweet whey in production of spore-δ-endotoxin complex from certain entomopathogenic varieties ofBacillus thuringiensis Berliner. The process suggested aimed at the protection of the environment through dual channels namely biological oxygen demand (BOD) reduction of the byproduct under investigation and its incorporation in a microbial fermentation for production of pollution-free biological insecticides. The sweet whey could be used successfully for endotoxin production as complete fermentation media both as such and with simple treatments. Supplementation of whey media with ground leguminous seeds and fodder yeast resulted in marked increase in the yields of endotoxin produced but the toxicity was not increased proportionnally. Standard biological assays revealed high efficiency of certain strains ofB.t. var.entomocidus, kurstaki andgalleriae in producing endotoxins highly active against 3rd instar larvae ofSpodoptera littoralis Boisduval,Spodoptera exigua Hübner andHeliothis armigera Hübner. The suggested approach and the findings obtained are discussed in view of their application feasibilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des moyens biochimiques simples sont utilisés pour accroître l'action deBacillus thuringiensis Berliner par une optimisation des conditions dans le tube digestif de l'insecte, de façon à obtenir la formation de fractions toxiques à partir de l'endotoxine intacte non toxique. Ce processus a été réalisé par l'addition à l'endotoxine dans l'aliment, soit de composés alcalins naturellement présents dans l'intestin moyen, en général des activateurs de la protéolyse, soit de produits moyennement toxiques de nature minérale (borax) ou organique (acide tannique). Une augmentation nette de l'activité deB.t. var.entomocidus HD 635 HD 635 etaizawai HD 133, contreSpodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) a été notée en présence d'une concentration de 0,5% de carbonate de potassium. Par contre, le carbonate de sodium a été moins actif aux concentrations étudiées. Parmi les activateurs de protéolyse testés, l'ion magnésium a eu un effet proportionnel à la concentration. Le pouvoir toxique des préparations à base de δ-endotoxine de HD 635 et HD 133 a été accru de 2 à 3 fois avec l'addition de 1% de chlorure de magnésium. Un effet moindre a été enregistré avec 0,5% et il n'y a pas eu de modification de l'activité avec 0,25%. Des tendances analogues ont été notées avec du chlorure de calcium dans l'aliment. L'addition de borate de sodium ou d'acide tannique s'est révélée hautement efficace pour l'accroissement de 2 à 4 fois du pouvoir toxique des préparations de spores et d'endotoxine utilisées.
    Notes: Abstract Simple biochemical means were used to enhance the endotoxin effect ofBacillus thuringiensis Berliner through optimization of conditions present in the insect gut required for release of intoxicating fragments from nonpoisonous intact endotoxin. This was achieved through the addition of either alkaline compounds naturally occurring in the insect midgut, general proteolytic activators or midly toxic compounds of inorganic (e.g. borax) and organic (e.g. tannic acid) nature along with endotoxin in the diet. A marked increase in the potency ofB.t. vars.entomocidus HD-635 andaizawai HD-133 againstSpodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) was obtained in the presence of 0.5% concentration of potassium carbonate. On the other hand, sodium carbonate was less effective at the tested concentrations. Among the tested proteolytic activators, the effect of magnesium ion was proportional to the concentration of the incorporated salt. Thus the potencies of δ-endotoxin preparations of HD-635 and HD-133 were increased 2–3 times after the addition of 1% concentration of magnesium chloride. A lesser effect was noted at 0.5%, whereas virtually the potency did not change at 0.25% concentration of the salt. Similar trends were noted with the incorporation of calcium chloride along with the endotoxin in the insect diet. The addition of sodium borate or tannic acid was highly effective in enhancing the potency of the tested sporeδ-endotoxin preparations with 2–4 fold increase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 22 (1985), S. 50-52 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Physiological studies on Bacillus thuringiensis var. entomocidus revealed the failure of the organism to survive or sporulate under low aeration levels, notably in the presence of high sugar concentrations. Cell counts, sporulation titers and potency of resulting endotoxin were found to vary with the level of aeration. The incremental feeding of glucose with continuous pH adjustment prevented cell injury and death which results from prolonged exposure to acidity liberated at the high sugar concentrations which occur when glucose is added batchwise. Increasing of dipotassium phosphate concentration in growth medium increased the potency of the resulting endotoxin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 13 (1993), S. 351-359 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: α-Galactosidase (E.C.3.2.1.22) from Penicillium janthinellum was purified by precipitation and fractionation with ammonium sulphate, cold acetone or ethanol, calcium phosphate gel, and column chromatographies on Sephadex G-100 and G-200. The enzyme was purified about 110.39-fold when Sephadex G-100 was used. α-Galactosidase exhibited the optimum pH and temperature at 4.5 and 60°C, respectively. The optimum enzyme stability was obtained at pH 3.5 for 24 h (at room temperature). The enzyme was found to be thermostable below 65°C up to 40 minutes and was gradually inactivated by increasing the temperature above this degree. The MICHAELIS constant was 0.55 mM for p-nitrophenyl-α-D-galactoside. The α-galactosidase activity was strongly inhibited by Hg++ and slightly activated by Mn++. The results show the possibility of producing a thermostable enzyme from a low-priced agricultural product, for instance, lupine.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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