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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 28 (1998), S. 563-597 
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Piezoelectric materials have been integrated with silicon microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) in both microsensor and microactuator applications. Thin-film materials selection and processing routes are reviewed. Some recent and emerging applications of piezoelectric MEMS are presented including acoustic emission microsensors, vibration monitors, molecular recognition biosensors, precision positioners, micropumps, and linear stepper motors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 4564-4568 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An apparatus for measuring stress development in polymer and ceramic coatings is described. The device combines the coating, processing (chilling, curing, drying), and stress measurement steps necessary to accurately monitor stress development in situ. The measurement system was developed to study the effects of processing variables (e.g., temperature, air flow, relative humidity, etc.) on stress development in coatings ranging from solvent-cast polymers and particulate films to radiation-cured materials. The combination of coating, processing, and stress measurement allows us to mimic conditions used in an industrial setting. Results are reported for polyisobutyl methacrylate cast in toluene and aqueous gelatin coatings that demonstrate the utility of the apparatus in studying how stress evolution and magnitude relate to different process controls. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 81 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Interpenetrating phase composite (IPC) coatings consisting of continuously connected Al2O3 and epoxy phases were fabricated. The ceramic phase was prepared by depositing an aqueous dispersion of Al2O3 (0.3 μm) containing orthophosphoric acid, H3PO4, (1–9.6 wt%, solid basis) and heating to create phosphate bonds between particles. The resulting ceramic coating was porous, which allowed the infiltration and curing of a second-phase epoxy resin. The effect of dispersion composition and thermal processing conditions on the phosphate bonding and ceramic microstructure was investigated. Reaction between Al2O3 and H3PO4 generated an aluminum phosphate layer on particle surfaces and between particles; this bonding phase was initially amorphous, but partially crystallized upon heating to 500°C. Flexural modulus measurements verified the formation of bonds between particles. The coating porosity (and hence epoxy content in the final IPC coating) decreased from ∼50% to 30% with increased H3PO4 loading. The addition of aluminum chloride, AlCl3, enhanced bonding at low temperatures but did not change the porosity. Diffuse reflectance FTIR showed that a combination of UV and thermal curing steps was necessary for complete curing of the infiltrated epoxy phase. Al2O3/epoxy IPC coatings prepared by this method can range in thickness from 1 to 100 μm and have potential applications in wear resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: 3-D ordered macroporous sol–gel bioactive glass particles (3DOM-BG, pore size: 345 nm; molar composition: 75 SiO2–21 CaO–4 P2O5) were converted into nano-crystalline calcium-deficient carbonate apatite after soaking at 37°C in simulated body fluid. The as-formed, flake-like apatite transformed into a coral-like, highly crystalline hydroxyapatite with a minor tri-calcium phosphate phase after heating for 1 h at a temperature of 700°C. Fourier transform infrared results show the loss of carbonate and isolation of hydroxyl during heating. The heat treatment improved the apatite's resistance to dissolution in a buffer solution (pH=5).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 284-286 (Apr. 2005), p. 501-504 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A/W bioactive glass (BG) particles (600-1000 microns) were soaked in 0.1 M 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) solutions (0.01 g BG per 1 mL solution) at three pH ranges (acidic: 4.45-6.31, neutral: 7.45-7.64 and basic: 10.31-10.42). Crystalline calcium phosphates developed on BG surfaces after soaking in either acidic or neutral solutions. Electron diffraction (ED) results showed that whitlockite and octa-calcium phosphate (OCP) were the newly developed materials on BG in the acidic HEPES solution after soaking for 7 d and 14 d, respectively. Whitlockite also developed on the BG particles in theneutral solution of 0.5Na-HEPES after soaking for 14 d. No crystalline materials developed on BG surfaces after soaking in the basic Na-HEPES solution up to 14 d. The results of this study demonstrated that the pH of a soaking solution strongly affect both the ions release of the A/W BG particles, and the development of crystalline calcium phosphates on BG particles
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 55-67 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The competition between drying and reactions in a liquid coating containing precursors to a random network polymer can give rise to a variety of drying phenomena. Solidification, or gelation, of the polymer may occur before, after, or during the removal of solvents from the coating. Rates of drying and reaction are probed by solving the equations of mass transfer by diffusion along with chemical reaction in one dimension. Solutions to this system of equations are obtained by Galerkin's method with finite-element basis functions and entail large-scale computation. Skinning, or solidification at the surface of the coating while the bulk is still liquid, occurs in thick coatings when the diffusional resistance to drying is significant, that is, at high mass-transfer coefficients. Homogeneous solidification occurs in thin coatings at low mass-transfer coefficients. Drying regime maps represent these solidification phenomena as regions in parameter space.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of electroceramics 3 (1999), S. 261-268 
    ISSN: 1573-8663
    Keywords: thin film ; ferroelectric ; PZT ; processing ; microstructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Lead zirconate titanate, Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 (PZT), thin films were prepared by a hybrid metalorganic decomposition (MOD) solution deposition route; the effects of processing conditions on the film structure and properties were investigated. Solutions were synthesized by mixing and reacting Zr acetylacetonate and Pb acetate trihydrate with a solution prepared from Ti isopropoxide, acetic acid and water. Chemical changes in the solution during preparation and solution storage (i.e., aging) were investigated by visual observation and FTIR, and were evidenced by changes in phase content and properties of the final PZT films. Results suggest that Zr acetylacetonate and Pb acetate trihydrate react with a Ti oxoacetate-based precursor, and that this reaction continues during aging at room temperature. The PZT film quality and properties improved with aging time of the solution before deposition. To achieve good properties and design a convenient processing route, an accelerated aging scheme, including a brief aging at 60°C and freezing to prevent further reaction, was developed. PZT films prepared from these solutions had average dielectric constants of ∼1040, loss tangents of ∼0.05, remnant polarizations of ∼26 μC/cm2, and coercive fields of ∼39 kV/cm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 2878-2888 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Porous ceramics were fabricated by firing ceramic-polymer composites prepared by casting dispersions containing cellulose acetate, water and colloidal ceramic particles (alumina and silica). Composite microstructures were determined by polymer phase separation. Polymer adsorption on the ceramic particles was necessary for the formation of controlled porosity in the composite and fired ceramic. Cellulose acetate adsorbed on alumina, but not silica particles. The microstructure of alumina-cellulose acetate composites was characterized by unagglomerrated alumina particles in a polymer matrix; relatively large pores (pore diameter ∼ 15 μm) formed when the alumina concentration was low (〈50 vol. % relative to the polymer in the dried composite), and smaller pores (pore diameter ∼2μm) developed at higher alumina contents. By contrast, silica-cellulose acetate composites contained agglomerated silica particles and a large pore structure invariant to silica content. Firing of alumina-cellulose acetate composites with ceramic contents greater than 40 vol. % resulted in crack-free porous ceramics with pore structures comparable to the original composites.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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