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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for the Extended Helical Nature of Polysaccharide Epitopes. The 2.8 .ANG. Resolution Structure and Thermodynamics of Ligand Binding of an Antigen Binding Fragment Specific for .alpha.-(2.fwdarw.8)-Poly(sialic acid) (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 6737-6744 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00020a019
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature-jump studies of merocyanine 540 relaxation kinetics in lipid bilayer membranes (1985)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 24 (1985), S. 7117-7122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00346a015
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Avoiding artifacts in the infant rat model for bacterial meningitis: use of Sangur test strips for the rapid quantification of blood contamination in cerebrospinal fluid (1996)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 185 (1996), S. 27-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Keywords: Key words  Infant rat ; Bacterial meningitis ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Blood contamination ; Sangur test strips
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract   The infant rat model is widely used to study the pathogenesis of meningitis caused by a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. However, the interpretation of published results concerning meningitis is difficult in many records because the fact that blood contamination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cannot be avoided during the traumatic puncture procedure has not been taken into consideration. Since bacterial invasion of the central nervous system develops following bacteremia in this model, blood contamination of the CSF leads to a falsification of the CSF bacterial counts. Here we present an evaluation of a rapid and quantitative test for CSF blood contamination using Sangur test strips. The procedure requires minimal amounts of CSF and allows direct calculation of the CSF bacterial load due to blood contamination and, thus, provides refined criteria for the presence of bacterial meningitis in the infant rat model. It is superior to the detection of erythrocytes using a hemocytometer since it is less time consuming. Furthermore, we demonstrate the value of this method for the experimental infection of rats with Neisseria meningitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004300050011
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sialic acids of both the capsule and the sialylated lipooligosaccharide of Neisseria meningitis serogroup B are prerequisites for virulence of meningococci in the infant rat (1996)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 185 (1996), S. 81-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Keywords: Key wordsNeisseria meningitidis ; Infant rat ; Sialic acid ; Capsule ; Lipooligosaccharide sialylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the contribution of the polysialic acid capsule and of terminal lipooligosaccharide (LOS) sialylation to the pathogenicity of Neisseria meningitidis in vivo using a set of defined isogenic mutants of the N. meningitidis strain B 1940 deficient in either capsule synthesis or LOS sialylation. Furthermore a spontaneous capsule-deficient variant was investigated, which was capable of switching on the capsule synthesis at a frequency of 3×10–3 in vitro. Infection of infant rats with the wild-type strain revealed a high potential to cause bacteremia. This potential was attenuated in the capsule-phase variable mutant (LOS sialylation+). However, using a mutant irreversibly deficient in capsule synthesis, but expressing a sialylated LOS, bacteremia could only be achieved using 106 times higher numbers of bacteria when compared to the wild-type. The unencapsulated bacteria were located extracellularly upon examination of blood smears, suggesting that defense mechanisms, i. e. phagocytosis, directed against unencapsulated meningococci were exhausted using very high infecting doses. Interestingly, when infant rats were infected with encapsulated meningococci which were unable to sialylate the LOS, bacteremia could never be achieved, even with an infective dose as high as 108 colony forming units (CFU). Despite the presence of capsular polysaccharide this mutant was phagocytosed by peritoneal phagocytes, as was the unencapsulated, LOS-sialylated mutant, suggesting that the inability to cause bacteremia was due to a higher susceptibility to the action of the complement system, which is virtually unsaturable. We conclude that in the infant rat model of meningococcal infection both forms of sialic acid on the bacterial cell surface are indispensable for systemic survival.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004300050018
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eye-hand coordination in uni- and bimanual goal-oriented tasks (1999)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 128 (1999), S. 200-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Eye-hand coordination ; Human ; Saccade ; Vision ; Bimanual coordination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Two different drawer tasks were investigated with the aim of assessing the role of eye movements in well-coordinated hand movements. In an unimanual step-tracking task, which had a predictive and an unpredictive movement, a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA showed a significant effect of prediction on the onset of grip-force (GF) rate (300±39 ms for the predictive condition versus 394±53 ms for the non-predictive condition, P〈0.0001). Correlation coefficients, computed from the eye and the hand movements were low for the right and the left hand. The saccade was more coupled with the visual step change than with the action of the hand per se. In a second bimanual pull-and-pick task, the instruction was to pull a drawer with the left hand from a closed position to a LED-cued open position and then to grasp and reinsert a small peg in the drawer with the right hand. Correlation coefficients, computed from the latencies of saccades and of the leading left hand or of the right hand, were significant in four of five subjects. Intermanual correlations were significant in all five subjects. In conclusion, we found that the initial saccade in the unimanual task was best related with the visual step change, but was poorly correlated with the pulling/pushing hand. In the bimanual task, a moderate, but significant temporal coupling between the eyes and hand events was observed. This coupling was, however, less tight than that between both hands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050836
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apoptosis in astrocytic neoplasms (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 139 (1997), S. 845-850 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Apoptosis ; astrocytic neoplasms ; bcl-2 ; immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death characterized by specific morphologic and biochemical properties. Tumorgenesis is the consequence not only of cell proliferation but also the loss of the ability to undergo apoptosis [2]. Bcl-2 is a protooncogene which has the ability to block apoptosis in many cell types. Astrocytic neoplasms are very aggressive tumors which many times fail to respond to surgery, radiation or chemotherapy. They frequently overexpress wild-type p53 which is associated with the expression of bcl-2, and thus they may have evolved a mechanism to subvert apoptosis and allow continued growth. We examined the apoptotic index in fifty-nine astrocytic tumors of various histological grades (Oncor ApopTag PlusIn Situ Detection Kit) and compared this with the level of bcl-2 expression. Low grade astrocytomas (0.21 ±0.05; range 0.0–0.9) and anaplastic astrocytomas (0.27 ±0.13; range 0.0–2.6) had significantly less apoptosis than glioblastomas (0.70 ± 0.13; range 0.0–2.1; Kruskal-Wallis test, P ≤0.01). In contrast, bcl-2 expression was similar in all grades of astrocytic tumors and did not correlate with the apoptotic index. Cells of low grade and anaplastic astrocytomas are less likely to undergo apoptosis; however, this does not seem to be a direct consequence of the regulation of bcl-2 expression. The difference in growth potential despite differences in apoptotic index is likely to be attributed to differences in mitotic not apoptotic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411402
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence and expression in Escherichia coli of a Mycoplasma hominis gene encoding elongation factor Tu
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Gene 102 (1991), S. 123-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-1119
    Keywords: Recombinant DNA ; genomic library ; monoclonal antibody
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0378-1119(91)90550-U
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Embryonic Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Younger Children: Age-Dependent Decrease During the First Year (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 55 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Poly-α-2,8-N-acetylneuraminic acid (poly-α-2,8-NeuAc) is developmentally expressed in neural tissue of higher animals, where it is covalently attached to the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), a large integral membrane glycoprotein mediating cell-cell adhesion during neuronal development. NCAM exists in several molecular forms, of which only embryonic NCAM carries lengthy chains (n 〉 5) of poly-α-2,8-NeuAc. Chemically identical poly-α-2,8-NeuAc of bacterial origin is an important virulence factor in infections caused by Neisseria meningitidis group B and Escherichia coli K1, the predominant pathogens of bacterial meningitis. A quantitative enzyme-linked immunoassay was developed using monoclonal antibody (MAb) 735, an MAb specifically recognizing poly-α-2,8-NeuAc, and applied to CSF specimens from younger children. Poly-α-2,8-NeuAc contents were within the range of 20-0.2 μg/ml, decreasing from day 1 to day 300. Immunoprecipitation, immunoblot with a rabbit anti-mouse NCAM serum recognizing the protein part of human NCAM by cross-reactivity, affinity enrichment using immobilized MAb 735, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that poly-α-2,8-NeuAc in CSF is bound to human NCAM, probably NCAM-120.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb05796.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence heterogeneity of the echinococcal antigen B
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Molecular & Biochemical Parasitology 64 (1994), S. 171-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0166-6851
    Keywords: Antigen B ; Echinococcus granulosus ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Sequence polymorphism ; cDNA
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-6851(94)90145-7
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation of capsule-deficient Neisseria meningitidis strains by homologous recombination (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 4 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Capsule-deficient mutants of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B strain B 1940 were constructed by allelic replacement using the plasmids pMF120 and pMF121, which contain the flanking regions of the gene locus for the biosynthesis pathway of the group B meningococcal capsular polysaccharide. Southern blot analysis of chromosomal DNA of the capsule-deficient meningococcal strains confirmed the generation of large deletions in the chromosomal cps gene complex. The same strategy proved useful in constructing meningococcal strains with capsular types A, C., W 135, Y and Z.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00697.x
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