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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 183 (1959), S. 1106-1107 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] MITTELSTAEDT1 has described four pairs of hair plates in the neck of the dragonfly, Anax imperator, which register movement of the head relative to the body. A pair of hair plates found in the neck of the locusts Schistocerca gregaria and Locusta migratoria migratorioides (Fig. 1) has been shown to ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 144 (1981), S. 91-97 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The relative spectral sensitivities of identified large second order neurons (L neurons) of the dragonfly ocellus have been examined with dye filled intracellular microelectrodes placed in the brain. 2. Representative L neurons of the four geometric classes present in the median ocellar nerve show essentially similar waveforms in response to white, green and UV light. 3. Details of the retinal projections of these four neuron classes have been established. 4. L neurons exhibit a marked reverse Purkinje shift at low light intensities. Green sensitivity (485 nm) decreased relative to UV sensitivity (360 nm) as the intensity of illumination increased. At a mean intensity of 1.78 × 1012 photons cm−2 s−1 the L neurons are equally sensitive to UV and green light. 5. The reverse Purkinje shift is discussed in relation to data previously obtained for dragonfly receptor cell spectral sensitivity and in relation to its possible functional significance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 33 (1977), S. 748-750 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Locust ocellar retinal cells are innervated by giant second order cells, 2 mm long, which show discrete zones of integration along their course, including a major zone in the axonal length of the neuron. The complex synaptic arrangements which exist between higher-order afferent and efferent cells and these second order cells along their course suggests that transmission takes place by the electrotonic spread of slow potentials. The size and accessibility of these visual interneurons offers a unique preparation for examining mechanisms of graded synaptic transmission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 2 (1983), S. 394-395 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 64 (1992), S. 259-268 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Musca domestica ; electrocutor traps ; intensity ; colour ; spectral emission ; insect ligh responses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Competitive tests were used to determine how the quantitative and spectral characteristics of an electrocutor trap light source affected the attraction of the house-fly, Musca domestica L. It was found that an increase in the radiant flux (Fe) of the trap lamps due to an increase in radiant area (A), caused a much larger increase in catch than if radiant flux was increased through higher radiant emittance (Mc). The results from electroretinograms recorded in response to different levels of Me were consistent with the idea that at a given wavelength the attractiveness of a lamp is attributable to the quantitative output perceived by the fly. Of nine fluorescent lamps, the most attractive had peak emission at 340 nm. A blue lamp (peak emission 419 nm) attracted less than a third as many flies as the UV emitting lamps, and a white lamp (peak emission 585 nm) attracted fewer than a quarter as many. The corresponding photoreceptor responses were measured using the electroretinogram. At wavelengths above 400 nm the attractiveness of a lamp to a fly appears to be lower relatively than the photoreceptor response. Within the ultraviolet region (300 nm–400 nm) attractiveness is again attributable to the quantitative output perceived by the fly. It is concluded that there is a genuine behavioural preference for lamp emissions in the ultraviolet region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 353-366 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Homoptera ; Labium ; Sensilla ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the sensory receptors located on the labium of the rice brown planthopper is described; possible functions of individual receptors are suggested on morphological grounds. Uniporous chemosensilla which may or may not possess a mechanoreceptive dendrite, domed multiporous chemosensilla, and mechanoreceptive pegs are present on the flattened labial tip. Mechanoreceptive pegs are distributed over the labium. The fine structure of a multilobed sensillum located on either side of the labium is also described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 157 (1975), S. 467-492 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ocelli ; Locust ; Insect central nervous system ; Cobalt iontophoresis ; Neuroanatomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cobalt iontophoresis of the median and lateral ocellar nerves of Schistocerca gregaria, combined with silver impregnated sections of the brain, has demonstrated the projection areas of the large and medium-sized ocellar afferent neurons. These neurons terminate within the brain and their cell bodies lie within the protocerebrum. Ocellar neurons project to two discrete areas on each side of the brain, each area receiving input from a different set of fibres. Both postero-dorsal complexes receive an input from two large ipsilateral and two large median fibres. Their dendritic fields maintain an ordered spatial array relative to one another. The two antero-lateral complexes receive an input from one large ipsilateral fibre and medium-sized ipsilateral and median small-field afferent fibres. Each lateral ocellus has two large fibres in common with the median ocellus. These lateromedial fibres receive photoreceptor input from both ocelli but form no major arborisations within the brain. The lateral ocellar tracts appear to form a third ocellar association area since higher-order neurons branch amongst the lateral and latero-medial fibres within the tract. The axons of the higher-order neurons descend to the ventral cord via the circum-oesophageal commissures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 176 (1977), S. 505-527 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Honey bee ; Insect brain ; Ocellar system ; Cobalt stain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The projections of ocellar fibres within the brain and thorax of the honey bee, Apis mellifera, were established using a modified cobalt sulphide technique, supplemented by serial sectioning of the brain for the light microscope. The results are: 5 large fibres in each lateral nerve and 12 in the median nerve have wide-field terminal arborisations in ocellar association areas on either side of the posterior slope area. 9 medium-sized fibres in each lateral nerve and 12 in the median nerve form a second ocellar association area on each side of the perioesophageal foramen. A group of fine fibres, stained via the ocellar nerves, arborise just below and anterior to the protocerebral bridge. 10 medium-sized fibres run from the level of the ocellar nerve tracts to the first and second thoracic ganglia, branching in a number of discrete areas within each ganglion. These fibres also form a restricted ocellar association area within the suboesophageal ganglion. A few fibres run between the higher-order optic centres and the ocellar tract. The large- and mediumsized fibres give off short, stout spines from their axons within the ocellar tracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 111-119 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Homoptera ; Stylets ; Cibarium ; Sensilla ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The stylets of Nilapavarta lugens consist of two maxillae that interlock to form separate food and salivary ducts partially surrounded by two mandibles. The ultrastructure of the sensory innervation of the stylets is described. Each maxilla possesses five neurones which extend to the tip of the stylet. The mandibles also contain five neurones, four of which are paired. The paired neurones comprise a shorter dendrite extending part of the way along the stylet and a longer one extending to the tip. The possible functions of these neurones are discussed. Gustatory receptors are located in the small passageway leading from the food duct to the cibarium. The receptors are in two distinct groups on the epipharyngeal side and one group on the hypopharyngeal side of the food canal. Two to five neurones innervate each receptor which connects to the food canal via a small pore.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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