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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry research 33 (1994), S. 1145-1149 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 23 (1984), S. 436-440 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 23 (1984), S. 440-446 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 23 (1984), S. 220-223 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 3695-3700 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The mechanical properties of styrene (S)-acrylonitrile (AN) mixtures, ranging from 20 to 80 wt % S, polymerized by thermocatalytic and radiolytic techniques were studied. Maximum compressive and tensile strength was obtained for the mixture containing 60 wt % styrene. The hardness increased with styrene concentration up to 40 wt % and then remained nearly constant. Radiolytic copolymerization gave stronger copolymers than thermal copolymerization since irradiation enhances crosslinking. For the same composition, as the dose increases, the strength increases to a maximum and then decreases due to competing rates of crosslinking and degradation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 3027-3040 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Mortars were cured for a sufficient period to give sufficient strength and were then dried to remove the free water without dehydrating the compounds formed. Dried specimens were evacuated and impregnated with a mixture of styrene and acrylonitrile monomers which gives high mechanical properties after polymerization. Positive pressure was then applied, and polymerization was done radiolytically. The effect of degree and period of evacuation, the positive pressure and the irradiation dose on monomer loading, tensile and compressive strength were studied, and the optimum operating conditions were established. The achieved strength was correlated with the fraction of open pores impregnated. The composites investigated have the same volume fraction of mortar, and the polymer is added at the expense of the open porosity causing nearly an exponential increase in strength. Only 80% of the open pores were filled with polymers due to the difference in density between the polymer and the monomer, loss of monomer, and the presence of entrapped gas consisting of residual air and residual water vapor and monomer vapor, as well as due to the inability to fill all the micropores with monomer. A compressive strength four times that of plain mortar and a tensile strength eight times that of plain mortar were achieved.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 2101-2110 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Aerosolization of polystyrene solutions followed by drying in a tubular furnace produced submicron-sized polystyrene particles. Characterization using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed that the particles were amorphous, spherical, and free of residual solvent. The average particle size and size distribution varied with furnace temperature, the initial polystyrene solution concentration, and solvent type. The particles' BET-based specific surface area depended upon these parameters as well as the carrier gas flow rate. Analysis of the competing rates of convection, solvent evaporation, droplet collisions, and polymer diffusion help to rationalize the results. The dependence of the solvent evaporation rate on temperature controls the particle diameter, but droplet coalescence cannot be ignored. Long residence times and high furnace temperatures softened the particles; after filtration, polymer diffusion between solid particles produced visual evidence of partial coalescence. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 24 (1984), S. 1240-1244 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Standard test specimens of mortar were cured under water for 15 days to achieve satisfactory strength. They were dried without allowing dehydration reactions to occur, evacuated to 40 millimeters (mm) Hg, and impregnated with a styreneacrylonitrile comonomer, which gives the highest strength after polymerization. Positive pressure of 0.6 N/mm2 was applied and thermal catalytic polymerization was carried out. Optimum initiator concentration was found to be 2 percent. Strength (compressive and tensile) increases with polymerization temperature up to 120°C, above which rapid deterioration occurs due to monomer loss, production of short chains with high polymerization rates, and the possibility of polymer degradation at high temperature. Optimum polymerization period of' 10 hours was selected. Inexpensive methods for field polymerization were tried at 95°C. Hot water yields a strength more than double that obtained with a, flow of hot air and about 80 percent of that obtained radiolytically. While hot air accelerates evaporation, hot water forms a hydraulic head above the capillaries and decreases the monomer losses tremendously.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 15 (1983), S. 759-774 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Six catalysts consisting of mixtures of catalysts for methanol synthesis and its conversion to hydrocarbons were prepared by mechanical mixing, impregnation, and coprecipitation, followed by extrusion. Phase changes occurring during various stages of preparation and after use were followed by x-ray diffraction. The catalysts were found to be nontrivial bifunctional catalysts which selectively convert synthesis gas directly to low molecular weight hydrocarbons in the range of C1 to C4. Methanol and dimethylether were detected as intermediates. Olefins were formed, and their further hydrogenation yielded products with high paraffinic content. Carbon dioxide retards the conversion of synthesis gas to hydrocarbons, whereas steam retards the hydrogenation of olefins. On heating the commercial zinc chromite catalyst, dehydration, reduction, and solid-state reactions occur with the formation of ZnO-ZnCr2O4 solid solution. Exchanging cations within the zeolite component did not affect the space lattice, but these ions tend to occupy special sites, and during service more order was detected. Copper ions tend to diffuse in ZnO, forming a solid solution, and during service metallic copper was produced.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 16 (1984), S. 655-668 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of particle size, type of crucible, and heating rate on the thermal curves obtained simultaneously for CuSO4 · 5H2O were discussed. The dissociation steps were confirmed. Thermogravimetric techniques for determining the rate-controlling processes and kinetic parameters were applied for the dehydration steps and the calcination of CuSO4 and CuSO4 · CuO. For the dehydration of the monohydrate one mechanism operates but the activation energy and preexponential factor vary over wide ranges. Differentiating between various mechanisms using the same technique was sometimes difficult giving completely different values for the kinetic parameters. In view of such difficulties the various methods were assessed, the best techniques to treat similar results were recommended and the operating mechanisms and kinetic parameters for the various steps were thus established.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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