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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and characterization of distinct type of mannose-sensitive fimbriae from Salmonella typhimurium (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 115 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The fimbriae (E4) of a virulent strain of Salmonella typhimurium were purified by ion exchange chromatography in an FPLC system. They had a channelled appearance under transmission electron microscope and showed a major structural subunit of 17-kDa on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified fimbriae were found to agglutinate guinea pig erythrocytes, but this effect was inhibited in presence of D-mannose. Immune sera raised against the Mono-Q purified fimbriae (E4) showed cross-reactivity with the type-1 fimbriae (F1) composed of 21-kDa fimbrin subunit, purified by a different method from the same strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb06643.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impairment of Intestinal Mucosal Antioxidant Defense System During Salmonella typhimurium Infection (1998)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 43 (1998), S. 646-651 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: ANTIOXIDANTS ; INTESTINE ; SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM GLUTATHIONE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The mucosal pathology of Salmonella typhimuriuminfection may in part be due to the excessive productionof reactive oxygen species (ROS). The influence of S.typhimurium infection on the intestinal mucosal antioxidant defense system was investigated. Weinjected ligated rat ileal loops with Salmonella liveculture or toxin. After 18 hr of infection, the animalswere killed and enterocytes isolated from the ileal loops. The enterocyte-reduced glutathione(GSH) content and activities of the enzymes superoxidedismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px),catalase, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase (G6PDH) were spectrophotometricallyestimated. The vitamin E and A contents were determinedby high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Inboth the Salmonella live culture and toxin-treatedgroups, the enterocyte GSH and vitamin E contents andactivities of the enzymes SOD, GSH-Px, catalase, GR, andG6PDH were significantly decreased as compared to the control group. However there was asignificant increase in the enterocyte activity of GST.There was no change in the vitamin A content of theenterocytes. These findings might indicate a decreased endogenous intestinal protection against ROS inS. typhimurium-mediated infection, which couldcontribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018887813713
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shigella dysenteriae type 1 toxin induced lipid peroxidation in enterocytes isolated from rabbit ileum (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 178 (1998), S. 169-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: reactive oxygen species (ROS) ; calcium (Ca2+) ; protein kinase C (PKC) ; prostaglandins (PGs) ; superoxide dismutase ; catalase ; glutathione peroxidase ; reduced glutathione
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To evaluate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Shigella dysenteriae 1 toxin (STx) mediated intestinal infection, the ligated rabbit small intestinal loops were injected with STx. The enterocytes isolated from STx treated rabbit ileal loops had a significantly higher level of lipid peroxidation as compared to enterocytes isolated from control rabbit ileum. To study the role of second messengers in STx mediated intestinal damage, the in vivo and in vitro effects of modulators of lipid peroxidation of enterocytes were used. The presence of Ca2+-ionophore A23187 enhanced the extent of lipid peroxidation in enterocytes isolated from the control and STx treated rabbit ileum. However, l-verapamil only marginally decreased the lipid peroxidation level of enterocytes isolated from STx treated rabbit ileum. The in vitro effect of modulators was in agreement with in vivo studies. Dantrolene significantly decreased the extent of lipid peroxidation of enterocytes isolated from STx treated rabbit ileum. PMA significantly increased the lipid peroxidation level of enterocytes isolated from control ileum. However, PMA could not further enhance the lipid peroxidation level of enterocytes isolated from STx treated rabbit ileum. The presence of H-7 significantly decreased the extent of lipid peroxidation of enterocytes isolated from STx treated rabbit ileum. In vitro effect of PMA and H-7 was in agreement with that of in vivo findings. The role of arachidonic acid metabolites, prostaglandins (PGs), in mediating STx induced lipid peroxidation was also studied. The presence of indomethacin (a PG synthesis inhibitor) significantly decreased the lipid peroxidation induced by STx. These findings suggest that lipid peroxidation induced by STx is mediated through cytosolic calcium. The increase in (Ca2+)i leads to activation of PKC. A significant decrease in the enterocyte levels of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione in STx treated rabbit ileum as compared to control was seen. A significant decrease in vitamin E levels was also observed. This suggests that there is decreased endogenous intestinal protection against ROS in STx mediated intestinal infection which could contribute to enterocyte membrane damage that ultimately leads to changes in membrane permeability and thus to fluid secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006826829687
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of anaerobiosis in virulence of Salmonella typhimuirium (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 215 (2000), S. 39-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: Salmonell typhimurium ; anaerobiosis ; virulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intestinal pathogens are exposed to various stress conditions during their infectious cycle. Anaerobiosis, one of such hostile condition, is offered by the host within gut and intestinal lumen, where survival, multiplication and entry into intestinal epithelial cells is priority for the invading pathogen. In the present study, a virulent strain of S. typhimurium (1402/84) was grown under anaerobic conditions and its virulence characteristics such as host cell binding, penetration and intracellular survival were compared with aerobic S. typhimurium. Anaerobically grown S. typhimurium showed significantly higher binding to immobilized mice enterocytes and intestinal mucus as compared to bacteria grown aerobically. Anaerobic bacteria also showed an early penetration of mucus and subsequent binding to underlying immobilized enterocytes, in vitro. Anaerobic S. typhimurium exhibited increased intracellular survival within spleen macrophages of mice and caused significantly higher fluid accumulation in ligated rabbit ileal loops as compared to aerobic bacteria. LD50 of anaerobic S. typhimurium was also observed to be 2 fold lower when compared to aerobic bacteria. Cell surface hydrophobicity of anaerobic S. typhimurium was also found to be significantly higher than aerobic bacteria. Thus, it appears that exposure of S. typhimurium to anaerobiosis results in its enhanced virulence, adhesion and penetration of host cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026545630773
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Salmonella typhimurium enterotoxin (S-LT) on lipid peroxidation and cell viability levels of isolated rat enterocytes (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 196 (1999), S. 175-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: enterotocin ; lipid peroxidation ; Salmonella typhimurium ; oxygen free radicals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are potent mediators of inflammatory disorders and may be of pathophysiological importance in S. typhimurium induced tissue damage. This study was carried out to investigate if ROS play a role in mediating the enterocyte damage during in vitro exposure to Salmonella typhimurium enterotoxin (S-LT). The ROS generation was detected by measuring the changes in the enterocyte arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism (measured indirectly by estimating the level of enterocyte damage in the absence and presence of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin) and xanthine oxidase activity. The enterocyte damage was estimated by measuring the changes in the level of lipid peroxidation and cell viability. The results obtained showed that the exposure of isolated rat enterocytes to S-LT resulted in an increased XO activity; an increased arachidonic acid metabolism, dose and time dependent increase in the level of lipid peroxidation and decreased cell viability. Lipid peroxidation decreased and cell viability increased in the presence of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) or catalase. Thus the in vitro exposure of the enterocytes to S-LT is accompanied by an increased generation of ROS which may induce the lipid peroxidation of the enterocyte membrane thereby leading to a loss of cell viability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006996430129
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intestinal mucosal lipid peroxidation and absorptive function In Salmonella typhimurium mediated intestinal infection (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 178 (1998), S. 345-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: Salmonella typhimurium ; brush border membrane ; lipid peroxidation ; free radicals ; antioxidants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract S. typhimurium infection is associated with neutrophil infiltration within the intestinal mucosa. Neutrophil activation provides a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The mucosal pathology of S. typhimurium infection may be in part due to the excessive production of these reactive species. This study was carried out to investigate if ROS play a role in mediating the changes in the structural components and functional properties of brush border membrane (BBM) in rats during S. typhimurium infection. This was done by determining the changes in the BBM extent of lipid peroxidation and absorptive function. A significant increase in the extent of lipid peroxidation of BBM during S. typhimurium infection was observed as judged by malondialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated diene formation and depletion of α-tocopherol and protein associated thiol groups. A significant decrease in the BBMV (brush border membrane vesicle) transport of amino acids was also observed. However there was no change in the transport of D-glucose. The decrease in amino acid transport further led to a significant decrease in the enterocyte level of protein synthesis. Exposure of BBMV to a free radical donor, cumene hydroperoxide, also led to an increase in the extent of lipid peroxidation and a decrease in the amino acid transport. Possibly ROS might play a significant role in mediating the mucosal damage during S. typhimurium infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006891019115
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Giardia lamblia groups A and B from North India by isoenzyme and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (1999)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 85 (1999), S. 510-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Giardia lamblia ( syn. G. intestinalis) infection in young adults leads to acute/chronic diarrhea in some individuals and is asymptomatic in others. Recently, G. lamblia strains have been characterized as group A (symptomatic) and group B (asymptomatic or control) by advanced isoenzyme and molecular biology studies. In the present brief pilot study, ten G. lamblia isolates obtained from five symptomatic (group A) and five asymptomatic (group B) persons were characterized by isoenzyme and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Isoenzyme analysis demonstrated remarkable homogeneity in seven enzyme patterns, the exception, being that of phosphoglucomutase, for which two zymodemes (I and III) were observed. In contrast, RAPD analysis showed homogeneity for eight primers; exceptions were two primers, A02 and B05, which separated group A G. lamblia isolates into two rapdemes (AR1 and AR2) and group B G. lamblia isolates into four rapdemes (BR1, BR2, BR3 and BR4). Further phenetic analysis showed average genetic distances of 0.105 within group A and 0.121 within group B G. lamblia isolates according to Jaccord's distance scale, which suggests that both lineages appear to consist of a range of variants with no significant (P 〈 0.05) genetic diversity. The two techniques demonstrated a positive association with regard to differentiation between group A and group B G. lamblia isolates. These very preliminary results indicate that RAPD analysis could be a potentially useful substitute for isoenzyme analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360050588
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular immune responses in human neurocysticercosis (2000)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 86 (2000), S. 500-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Studies on the role of cell-mediated immune responses in human neurocysticercosis (NCC) are lacking. Various cell-mediated immune responses such as lymphocyte subpopulation, lymphocyte transformation to cysticercus antigens and cytokine profile were carried out in NCC patients. Lymphocyte transformation assays using larval antigens showed significantly higher 3H-thymidine uptake. Immunophenotyping analysis showed an insignificant increase in B cells and a decrease in total T cells. However, there was a significant decrease (P 〈 0.05) in CD8+ T cells whereas there was no change in other cells like CD4+, HLA-DR+ and CD16+/CD56+. Cytokine profile revealed significantly higher (P 〈 0.01) production of Th1 cytokines (γ-IFN and IL-2) using cysticercal antigens as stimulants for peripheral blood mononuclear cells, while there was no difference in IL-4 levels between NCC patients and healthy controls. The cytokine profile indicated the involvement of Th-1-like responses in NCC patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360050701
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