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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CYSTATHIONINE SYNTHESIS AND DEGRADATION IN BRAIN, LIVER AND KIDNEY OF THE DEVELOPING MONKEY (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 26 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The concentration of cystathionine, along with the specific activities of the enzymes involved in its synthesis and degradation, cystathionine synthasc and cystathionase, respectively, have been measured in brain, liver and kidney of the developing Rhesus monkey from mid-gestation, through birth and neonatal life, to maturity. The concentration of cystathionine and the specific activity of cystathionine synthase are low in fetal brain. Both parameters increase slowly after birth and reach values found in adult brain at approx 3 months of postnatal age. The activity of cystathionase in brain is low throughout development.Liver provides a direct contrast in that the concentration of cystathionine and the specific activity of cystathionine synthase are high in the fetus, decreasing rapidly after birth to values found in the adult by 2 weeks of postnatal age. Cystathionase activity is low in fetal liver and increases slowly after birth reaching values found in adult liver after 2–3 months. Kidney has no more than trace amounts of cystathionine throughout development, higher activity of cystathionine synthase in the fetus than in the adult and high, unchanged activity of cystathionase throughout the period of development studied.These results indicate that the high concentrations of cystathionine found in primate brain are reached postnatally and suggest that this high concentration of cystathionine may be associated with the functioning of mature brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1976.tb01496.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SUBCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF ENZYMES OF TRANSMETHYLATION AND TRANSSULPHURATION IN RAT BRAIN (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 24 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: —Certain of the sulphur containing amino acids have been associated with synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. The enzymes involved in the synthesis of these putative neurotransmitter or modulator compounds have a different subcellular distribution in rat brain from those enzymes that catalyse the synthesis of other compounds in this pathway. Methionine adenosyltransferase and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase catalyse reactions that maintain the methylation functions of the pathway and are found in soluble fractions. Cystathionine β-synthase, cystathionase, cysteine dioxygenase and cysteine sulphinic acid decarboxylase catalyse the synthesis of those sulphur-containing amino acids implicated in neurotransmitter functions and these enzymes have both paniculate and soluble components. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, which also has a particulate fraction in brain, is responsible for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter glycine, in addition to its role in the methionine-related metabolism of folate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1975.tb03664.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Taurine in Developing Rhesus Monkey Brain (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 35 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The concentrations of taurine in all regions of fetal and neonatal rhesus monkey brain are greater than in the same regions of adult monkey brain. [35S]Taurine injected into pregnant rhesus monkeys is accumulated by the fetus. This process occurs rapidly in most tissues, but occurs slowly in fetal brain. Neonatal rhesus monkey brain also accumulates [35S]taurine slowly compared with other tissues after i.v. injection, and continues to accumulate [35S]taurine for a long period of time. These results suggest that the accumulation and exchange of taurine in developing rhesus monkey brain is slow, as found in neonatal rats, and that if there is a period of development at which rapid exchange of brain taurine occurs in the rhesus monkey, it is before the rapid brain growth spurt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1980.tb06265.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TAURINE IN DEVELOPING RAT BRAIN: MATERNAL-FETAL TRANSFER OF [35S]TAURINE AND ITS FATE IN THE NEONATE (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 28 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The transfer of [35] taunne, injected intrapentoneally into pregnant rats (near term), to fetal tissues has been measured. Taurine can enter fetal brain as easily as it can fetal liver. In contrast, it cannot enter mature brain as easily as it can enter mature liver. After birth, [35S] taurine, which had been injected into the dam before birth of the pups, continues to accumulate in the brain of the pups for some days. During the neonatal period, the concentration of taurine is decreasing, but the total pool of taurine in the brain is increasing rapidly. In order to help supply this increasing pool, the taurine present in the brain at birth appears to be conserved and an increasing amount of taurine is synthesized in situ. The net result during the neonatal period of development is that brain taurine specific radioactivity decreases and brain taurine has a very slow rate of turnover.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb07705.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TAURINE IN DEVELOPING RAT BRAIN: SUBCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION AND ASSOCIATION WITH SYNAPTIC VESICLES OF [35S]TAURINE IN MATERNAL, FETAL AND NEONATAL RAT BRAIN (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 28 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The concentration of taurine in the brain of the fetus in several species is higher than that found in the mature animal. In order to explore the functional significance of this, we have studied the subcellular distribution of taurine and [35S]taurine in the brain of the mother, the fetus and the neonate after [35S]taurine was administered to pregnant rats.In maternal brain, the distribution of taurine and of radioactivity (all of which was recovered from brain as taurine) in the subcellular fractions of maternal brain were essentially identical and were recovered primarily in two fractions (72% taurine, 71% [35S]taurine was soluble, S3; 16% and 17%, respectively, was in the crude mitochondrial and synaptosomal fraction, P2). After further fractionation of P2, most of the taurine and [35S]taurine were in the cytoplasmic, O, and the synaptosomal, B, fractions.In the neonatal brain, shortly after birth there was a decrease in taurine and [35S]taurine recovered in the supernatant fraction, S3, accompanied by an increase in the percentage of taurine and [35S]taurine recovered in the crude mitochondrial fraction. A small percentage of taurine and [35S]taurine was consistently recovered in the synaptic vesicle fraction. Fractionation of the synaptic vesicles on a gel column separated the vesicle bound taurine completely from the free taurine: approx 1% of the taurine in the synaptic vesicle fraction was eluted with vesicles and could not be released by hypo-osmotic shock.The pattern of development in subcellular fractions of neonatal rat brain labelled with [35S]taurine via intraperitoneal injections of the pregnant mother may be an indication of maturation or protection of putative taurinergic nerve endings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb07706.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ACTIVITIES OF SOME ENZYMES INVOLVED IN HOMOCYSTEINE METHYLATION IN BRAIN, LIVER AND KIDNEY OF THE DEVELOPING RHESUS MONKEY (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 27 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The specific activities of the enzymes responsible for remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. N5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase and betaine-homocysteine methyl-transferase, and of the enzyme responsible for transferring the β-carbon atom of serine to tetrahydrofolate. serine tetrahydrofolate 5,10-hydroxymethyltransferase, have been measured in brain, liver and kidney of the developing Rhesus monkey from mid-gestation, from birth and neonatal life to maturity. The specific activity of N5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase in all tissues is higher during late gestation and shortly after birth than it is in the adult, and in brain and liver it shows a positive correlation with increasing gestational age. Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase activity is not measurable in brain. In liver it increases linearly during fetal and neonatal development until values found in the adult are reached. In kidney there is a sharp linear increase during the period of gestation studied. The drop at birth is followed by a sharp increase back to values noted at the end of gestation and thereafter a slow increase to values found in the adult. The specific activity of serine-tetrahydrofolate 5,10-hydroxymethyltransferase tends to be higher in fetal and early neonatal brain than it is in adult brain, whereas in liver and kidney it is low in the fetus and rises during development to reach values found in the adult some months after birth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1976.tb12264.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    POLYAMINE METABOLISM IN THE BRAIN AND LIVER OF THE DEVELOPING MONKEY (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 25 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The concentrations of putrescine and the polyamines, spermidine and spermine, along with the specific activities of the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis, ornithine decarboxylase, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and spermidine synthase have been measured in brain and liver of the developing Rhesus monkey from mid-gestation, through birth and neonatal life to maturity. The results suggest that it is an increased concentration of putrescine and an increased specific activity of ornithine decarboxylase which are associated with the rapid growth of fetal brain during the middle of gestation. By the end of two-thirds of gestation, both of these parameters have attained values similar to those found in mature brain. The concentration of spermidine in brain and the specific activities of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and spermidine synthase are lower in fetal brain than adult brain and increase slowly after birth to reach values similar to those of the adult only after several months. These results provide additional evidence that in the mature brain spermidine serves some function other than one associated with rapid growth.Fetal liver at mid-gestation was characterized by increased concentrations of both putrescine and spermidine and increased specific activities of the enzymes which synthesize them. By two-thirds of gestation, values similar to those found in adult liver had been attained. Liver has thus reached maturity with regard to polyamine metabolism by this time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1975.tb06964.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relation of three enzymes of transsulphuration to the concentration of cystathionine in various regions of monkey brain (1970)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 17 (1970), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1970.tb02268.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TAURINE IN THE BRAIN AND LIVER OF THE DEVELOPING HUMAN AND MONKEY (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 25 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: —The concentrations of taurine in brain and liver from human fetuses (2nd trimester) and adults and from Rhesus monkeys from mid-gestation, through birth and neonatal life to maturity have been measured. The concentration of taurine in human and monkey fetal brain was 4-5-fold higher than that in adult monkey brain. In human fetal brain the concentration of taurine decreased linearly with increasing crown-rump length (r=−0·75; P 〈 0·001). In fetal monkey brain, no correlation with gestational age was found. After birth, the concentration of taurine in monkey brain decreased linearly with increasing age (r=−0·96; P 〈 0·001) until values comparable to those found in the adult were reached 8-9 months after birth, approximately the end of weaning.The concentration of taurine in liver both from fetal humans and from fetal monkeys was approximately twice that in mature liver. Concentrations of taurine similar to those found in adult liver were reached within a few days of birth, compared to several months for brain.These results suggest that taurine may be associated with brain development in addition to any functional role it may play in the mature brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1975.tb04414.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intermittent hypermethioninaemia associated with normal hepatic methionine adenosyltransferase activity: Report of a case (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of inherited metabolic disease 5 (1982), S. 101-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2665
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 5-month-old infant was found to have hypermethioninaemia (0.8 µmol/ml) that has persisted intermittently (0.02–1.3 µmol/ml) over a period of 3 years. She presented with developmental delay and failure to thrive associated with gross abuse and neglect. Histological examination of the liver revealed inflammation of the portal triads. The activity of hepaticl-methionine-S-adenosyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.6) was normal. Whether the biochemical findings were the cause or the result of the hepatic damage is uncertain, but the minimal histological findings in the liver suggest a primary biochemical defect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01800001
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