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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 16 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives: Minor sinus floor elevation is a method with relatively high predictability but is technically demanding. Improvement of the technique and increase in the predictability are desirable.Material and methods: A clinical protocol for minor sinus floor elevation with SLA®-ITI® (large grit acid-etched implants with diameter of 4.8 mm) is described. Using trephine instead of spiral burrs enables the harvesting of autogenous grafts from the implant socket and guarantees a perfect implant socket. The latter is necessary for optimal implant anchoring and for the hydraulic seal between socket and the osteotome. The whole allows a hydraulic detachment of the Schneiderian membrane, where the blood cushion gradually detaches and elevates the membrane, preventing its contact with the graft.Results: Eight patients were successfully treated with the method described above. No membrane perforation occurred and an uneventful healing was observed in all patients. All implants were loaded prosthodontically 3 months after the implantation.Conclusions: The clinical protocol presented provides high predictability in clinical outcome, together with extremely low morbidity and shortened surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Selbstbohrende Schrauben ; Drehmoment ; Haltekraft ; Temperaturentwicklung ; Histomorphologie ; Key words ; Self-drilling screws ; Torque ; Holding power ; Temperature ; Histomorphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Self-drilling screws are gaining increasing importance in maxillofacial surgery. This study assesses which screw design, self-drilling or self-tapping, is best suited to various locations of the human skull. With regard to different areas in the human midface, mandible, and cranium, the thickness of cortical bone varies as well as the relative proportion of cortical to cancellous bone. Criteria used to judge the success of screws were minimal insertion torque and minimum temperature, maximum pull-out strength, and minimum deformation and destruction of the bone. To mimic the variations in anatomical conditions, 1-mm and 3-mm-thick cortical bone specimens and cancellous bone blocks were prepared. Eight screws of three types (self-tapping, self-drilling/self-tapping, conically shaped self-drilling) were inserted into the different bone specimens. Torque and temperature were measured during the insertion procedure. Subsequently, the screws were carefully removed and the specimens were processed for histological evaluation. The same insertion protocol was used to test the pull-out strength of the screws. The conically shaped screw showed best results in cancellous bone for all parameters. The self-tapping screw with a pilot hole performed best in thick cortical bone and the self-drilling/self-tapping screw performed better than did the others in thin bone. The results suggest the three screw designs to be optimal for different locations of the human skull. This project provides the data for a planned in vivo study that will evaluate the long-term influence of deformation and temperature on stability and osseointegration of the screws.
    Notes: Zur Miniplattenosteosynthese in der Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie werden neben den selbstschneidenden zunehmend auch selbstbohrende Schrauben verwendet. Es stellte sich die Frage, welche Schraubendesigns für welche Knochendicke und Qualität am geeignetsten erscheinen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden die Parameter Drehmoment, Temperaturentwicklung, Knochendeformationen und Haltekraft von 3 verschiedenen Schraubendesigns an 3 verschiedenen Knochenqualitäten ermittelt. Zur Simulation der anatomischen Gegebenheiten im menschlichen Schädel wurden 1 mm und 3 mm dicke Kortikalisproben (Rindertibiae) und Spongiosablöcke (Rinderfemora) zugeschnitten. Je 8 selbstschneidende, selbstbohrend-selbstschneidende und konisch geformte selbstbohrende Schrauben wurden nach Empfehlung des Herstellers in die Knochenproben eingedreht und die Temperaturentwicklung und das Drehmoment gemessen. Danach wurden die Schrauben vorsichtig entfernt und die Knochen histologisch aufgearbeitet. In einem 2. Versuchsaufbau wurden die Schrauben nach dem Eindrehen auf ihre Haltekraft in den verschiedenen Knochenqualitäten getestet. Unter Berücksichtigung der gemessenen Parameter schnitt im spongiösen Knochen die verdrängende, konisch geformte Schraube am besten ab. In Bereichen mit dickem Kortikalisknochen erreichte die herkömmliche selbstschneidende Schraube gute Resultate. Im dünnen kortikalen Knochen fanden sich für die ¶3 Schraubentypen bezüglich der Haltekraft keine signifikanten Unterschiede, Drehmoment und Temperaturanstieg waren für die selbstbohrend-selbstschneidende Schraube signifikant niedriger. Histologisch schnitt allerdings die selbstschneidende Schraube besser ab. Die Resultate lassen die 3 Schraubendesigns für die verschiedenen Lokalisationen als unterschiedlich gut geeignet erscheinen. Die Ergebnisse dienen als Grundlage für einen geplanten In-vivo-Versuch. In diesem soll der Einfluss der Knochendeformationen sowie der Temperaturentwicklung und des Drehmoments während der Insertion auf die Stabilität der Schraube im Zeitverlauf überprüft werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Computergestützte Chirurgie ; Rahmenlose Stereotaxie ; Implantologie ; Keywords Computer-assisted surgery ; Frameless stereotaxy ; Oral implantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Installation of fixtures for prosthetic reconstruction of the upper jaw in patients with extensive bone and soft tissue defects is still a challenge. The new fixture developed by Brånemark System achieves immediate prosthetic reconstruction by anchoring implants in the zygomatic bone to offer sufficient support without bone grafts. The dimension of these zygomatic fixtures and the complex anatomy due to previous surgical procedures demand specific treatment for a precise and safe insertion of the implants. On the basis of an axial spiral CT data set, the STN navigation system (Stryker-Leibinger/Zeiss) was used for preoperative planning and intraoperative control of the insertion of zygomatic fixtures after subtotal maxillectomy. Computer-assisted insertion of zygomatic fixtures was successfully completed. The implants could be positioned precisely as preoperatively planned. The use of zygomatic fixtures after ablative tumor surgery with resection of the maxillary bone provides immediate prosthetic reconstruction without additional bone grafting. Computer-assisted insertion of these implants improves preoperative planning and facilitates clinical procedure.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das von Brånemark neu entwickelte Titanschraubensystem zur Verankerung osseointegrierter Schraubenimplantate im Jochbein (zygomaticus fixture) verspricht eine festsitzende, implantatgetragene prothetische Versorgung des Patienten auch bei starker Atrophie des posterioren Oberkiefers ohne zusätzlichen Knochenaufbau. Insbesondere bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Gewebedefekten stehen oft keine anderen Versorgungsmöglichkeiten zur Verfügung, sodass der solide Knochen des Jochbeins die einzige Möglichkeit einer stabilen Implantatverankerung bietet. Die Dimension des Implantats und die durch Voroperationen veränderte komplexe Anatomie des Mittelgesichts stellen an eine präzise und sichere Insertion der Implantate besondere Ansprüche. Das Navigationssystem STN (Stryker-Leibinger, Zeiss) wurde an der Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, bereits bei 35 Patienten für komplexe Knochenrekonstruktionen im Oberkiefer und Mittelgesicht eingesetzt. Basierend auf den Daten eines CT- oder NMR-Datensatzes wurden die präoperativen Therapieplanungen simuliert und mittels Infrarotortungssystem intraoperativ navigiert. Anhand von 3 Fallbeispielen wird der Einsatz der computerunterstützten Verankerung von Jochbeinimplantaten nach subtotaler Resektion des Oberkiefers dargestellt. Bei der Planung und Versorgung komplexer implantatgetragener, prothetischer Restaurationen erwies sich die Anwendung der Navigation als eine einfache und sichere Methode, das angestrebte Rekonstruktionsziel zu erreichen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter SPECT ; 3-D-Diagnostik ; Rekonstruktion ; Schädel ; Key words SPECT ; 3-D Diagnosis ; Reconstruction ; Skull
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Computer-aided three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of conventional 99mTc-DPD SPECT data was used for basic investigations of different disease entities of the orofacial area, with the aim of improving primary diagnosis and, in selected cases such as microvascular bone reconstruction, for a more comprehensive control after therapy. So far, the new 3D technique has been applied in 49 ¶patients with different indications based on commonly acquired sets of data without any further hazard for the patients. In comparison to conventional planar scintigrams, the advantage of this sophisticated technique is a higher image contrast and a clear-cut signal of the investigated bone areas without any superimposing effects. Therefore, the anatomical description of the process is better, which is particularly important in cases of osteomyelitis and after microvascular reconstruction of skull bone defects. In addition, the follow-up investigations can assess treatment results far better and outcome predictions are much more reliable. A higher sensitivity and specificity in cases of squamous cell carcinoma as regards bone infiltration could not be achieved so far. In summary, computer-aided 3D reconstruction of conventionally acquired 99mTc-DPD-SPECT data represents a significant improvement in radionuclide imaging technique, providing a much better diagnostic interpretation of selected disease entities in the oral and maxillofacial area.
    Notes: Mit der dreidimensionalen (3-D)-Rekonstruktion der im Rahmen der Basisdiagnostik und Verlaufskontrolle von verschiedenen Erkrankungen der Kiefer- und Gesichtsregion durchgeführten 99m Tc-DPD-Single-Photonen-Emissions-Computertomographie (SPECT) wurden eine verbesserte Primärdiagnostik und in ausgewählten Fällen (z. B. nach mikrovaskulärer Knochenrekonstruktion) eine genauere Kontrolle nach Therapie angestrebt. Bei 49 Patienten, bei denen aus unterschiedlichen Indikationen eine 99m Tc-DPD-SPECT-Untersuchung durchgeführt wurde, erfolgte im Anschluss ohne zusätzliche Belastung des Patienten eine computergestützte 3-D-Rekonstruktion der SPECT-Aufnahmen. Gegenüber der herkömmlichen planaren Szintigraphie bietet diese Untersuchungstechnik einen verbesserten Bildkontrast durch die räumliche Auflösung benachbarter Strukturen und eine überlagerungsfreie Wiedergabe der untersuchten Knochenareale. Aufgrund der räumlichen Projektion ist im Vergleich zu bisherigen Darstellungmethoden, inklusive der zweidimensionalen SPECT-Darstellung, eine bessere anatomische Beschreibung des Befunds möglich, was insbesondere bei Osteomyelitiden und nach mikrovaskulärer Rekonstruktion von Kiefer- und Gesichtsknochen deutlich wird. Vergleichsuntersuchungen nach Therapie gestatten eine deutlich bessere Beurteilung des Behandlungsergebnisses. Eine Verbesserung von Sensitivität und Spezifität bei der Fragestellung Knocheninfiltration durch maligne Tumoren ist durch diese Technik nicht zu erzielen. Bei einem leicht erhöhten zeitlichen Aufwand für den Untersucher von etwa 10 min ohne Mehrbelastung des Patienten bietet die 3-D-Rekonstruktion der 99m Tc-DPD-SPECT-Aufnahmen eine Verbesserung der diagnostischen Aussagekraft bei ausgewählten Krankheitsbildern im Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtsbereich.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 234 (1996), S. 315-323 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract • Background: To study normal quantitative cellular relations and the effect of optic nerve section on neurons, glia and capillaries, morphometry was carried out on 24 whole-mount retinae of 12 rats. • Methods: In the left eye the optic nerve had been sectioned 30 days before death; the right eyes served as controls. Using a cresyl violet stain, cells in the retinal ganglion cell layer were evaluated at three distances from the papilla (1.2, 2.4 and 3.6 mm). • Results: Gradients for density of neurons, glial cells and capillary grid were all within a small range (center: mid:periphery=1.41–1.59: 1.29–1.33: 1.00). For all these distances we found a fairly constant ratio among the three histological parameters: 44.7–46.6 neurons and 2.3–2.6 glial cells were counted per capillary grid square (geometric model for the capillary meshwork). Thirty days after section of the optic nerve the capillary meshwork remained unaffected (96.2 grid squares/mm2 before nerve section vs 94.7 grid squares/mm2 after nerve section) while glial cells had more than doubled (238 vs 498 cells/mm2) and nearly half of all neurons had gone (4371 vs 2244 cell s/mm2). Size characteristics of amacrine cells were similar for all three eccentricities, whereas peripheral retinal ganglion cells tended to be considerably larger than central ones. • Conclusions: Cresyl violet stain can be used to study quantitative changes of neurons, glial cells and capillary grid in the retinal ganglion layer of a single whole-mount retina. There is a remarkable degree of proportionality between the density of these cells over the whole normal retina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 236 (1998), S. 904-915 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  · Background: To correlate the retinal ganglion cell pattern to visual acuity and visual field data in a patient with bilateral optic disc drusen, a quantitative clinicopathological study was carried out. · Methods: Both retinae of a patient with optic drusen were whole-mounted. Retinal ganglion cell counts were made using a sampling scheme covering the whole retina and compared to the findings in 10 normal retinae. Relative ganglion cell reduction in the drusen retinae was correlated to clinical data. · Results: The total retinal ganglion cell count was reduced from 1244858±98736 in normal retinae to 305319 on the right and 527571 on the left eye with optic disc drusen. Large ganglion cells had a better chance of survival. Parafoveal ganglion cell loss was 57% for the right and 36% for the left eye, while visual acuity was 0.8 and 1.0 respectively. The mean light sensitivity loss increased from the centre (6.2 dB) to paracentral (9.9 dB), mid-peripheral (13.7 dB) and outer peripheral (15.0 dB) retina, while ganglion cell losses were smallest in outer peripheral retina (21.9%), followed by central (53.0%), mid-peripheral (70.9%) and paracentral retina (87.7%). · Conclusion: These data validate Frisén’s theory on central retinal resolution and provide the structural basis for the clinical rule that low visual acuity should not be attributed to disc drusen. Automated light sense perimetry gives an inadequate picture of retinal damage caused by optic disc drusen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-07-19
    Language: German
    Type: conferenceobject , doc-type:conferenceObject
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