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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid Communication: Neuropeptide Expression and Processing as Revealed by Direct Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Single Neurons (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 62 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Neuropeptides were directly detected in single identified neurons and the neurohemal area of peptidergic (neuroendocrine) systems in the Lymnaea brain by using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). The samples were placed in matrix solution and ruptured to allow mixing of cell contents with the matrix solution. After formation of matrix crystals, the analytes were analyzed by MALDI-MS. It was surprising that clean mass spectra were produced, displaying extreme sensitivity of detection. In one of the neuroendocrine systems studied, we could demonstrate for the first time, by comparing the peptide patterns of soma and of neurohemal axon terminals, that processing of the complex prohormone expressed in this system occurs entirely in the soma. In the other system studied, novel peptides could be detected in addition to peptides previously identified by conventional molecular biological and peptide chemical methods. Thus, complex peptide processing and expression patterns could be predicted that were not detected in earlier studies using conventional methods. As the first MALDI- MS study of direct peptide fingerprinting in the single neuron these experients demonstrate that MALDI-MS forms a new and valuable approach to the study of the synthesis and expression of bioactive peptides, with potential application to single-cell studies in vertebrates, including humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.62010404.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein synthesis in synaptosomes: a proteomics analysis (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 81 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A proteomics approach was used to identify the translation products of a unique synaptic model system, squid optic lobe synaptosomes. Unlike its vertebrate counterparts, this preparation is largely free of perikaryal cell fragments and consists predominantly of pre-synaptic terminals derived from retinal photoreceptor neurones. We metabolically labelled synaptosomes with [35S]methionine and applied two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to resolve newly synthesized proteins at high resolution. Autoradiographs of blotted two-dimensional gels revealed de novo synthesis of about 80 different proteins, 18 of which could be matched to silver-stained gels that were run in parallel. In-gel digestion of the matched spots and mass spectrometric analyses revealed the identities of various cytosolic enzymes, cytoskeletal proteins, molecular chaperones and nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins. A number of novel proteins (i.e. not matching with database sequences) were also detected. In situ hybridization was employed to confirm the presence of mRNA and rRNA in synaptosomes. Together, our data show that pre-synaptic endings of squid photoreceptor neurones actively synthesize a wide variety of proteins involved in synaptic functioning, such as transmitter recycling, energy supply and synaptic architecture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.00873.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth-controlling molluscan neurons produce the precursor of an insulin-related peptide (1988)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 331 (1988), S. 535-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We used a differential hybridization technique to isolate cerebral light-green cell (LGC) cDNAs from a AgtlO central nervous system (CNS) specific library of L. stagnalis5. The LGC cDNA clones were obtained by screening replica filters of 20,000 clones with a positive cDNA probe synthesized from ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/331535a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cardioactive peptides of the CNS of the pulmonate snailLymnaea stagnalis (1981)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 37 (1981), S. 1168-1170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the pulmonate snailLymnaea stagnalis the cardioactive effects (tested on isolated auricles) of acetylcholine (ACh), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), the bivalve tetrapeptide FMRFamide, and of chromatographically separated snail brain substances have been established. Besides ACh and 5-HT, in brain extracts, small FMRFamide-like and large cardioexcitatory peptides were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01989899
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Light Green Cells ofLymnaea: A neuroendocrine model system for stimulus-induced expression of multiple peptide genes in a single cell type (1992)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 48 (1992), S. 464-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Molluscan insulin-related peptides ; schistosomin ; neuropeptide gene family ; generation of neuropeptide diversity ; stimulus-dependent expression ; information-handling capacity ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We review recent experiments showing that the cerebral neuroendocrine Light Green Cells (LGCs) of the freshwater snail,Lymnaea stagnalis, express a family of distinct though related molluscan insulin-related peptide (MIP) genes. The LGCs are involved in the regulation of a wide range of interrelated life processes associated with growth, (energy) metabolism and reproduction. We consider the mechanism of generation of diversity among MIPs, and present evidence that conditions with distinct effects on growth, metabolism and reproduction also can induce distinct patterns of expression of the MIP and schistosomin genes. The stimulus-dependent expression of multiple neuropeptide genes enormously increases the adaptive potential of a peptidergic neuron. We suggest that this contributes significantly to the information-handling capacity of the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01928165
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of the lateral lobes in the control of certain physiological and biochemical processes in Bulinus truncatus (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) (1980)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 75 (1980), S. 267-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Bulinus truncatus ; lateral lobes ; growth rate ; glycogen ; protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. On the lateral side of each cerebral ganglion of Bulinus truncatus a small lobe, the lateral lobe (LL) is located. 2. Cauterization of the LL caused increase in the body growth, decrease in oviposition, decrease of the polysaccharide content of the organs and decrease of the carbohydrate and protein concentration of the blood. 3. Implantation of cerebral ganglia (+ LL) restored almost the normal values. 4. The effects of the hormone(s) of the LL on growth and reproduction and its correlation with carbohydrate and protein metabolism of snail are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00006492
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alternative splicing generates diversity of VD1/RPD2α peptides in the central nervous system ofLymnaea stagnalis (1993)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 13 (1993), S. 123-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: VD1/RPD2α peptides ; alternative mRNA splicing ; organization of VD1/RPD2 gene ; cDNA cloning ; polymerase chain reaction ; molluskLymnaea stagnalis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. Two giant peptidergic neurons, VD1 and RPD2, of the visceral ganglion and right parietal ganglion ofLymnaea stagnalis, respectively, play an important role in the modulation of complex physiological and behavioral adjustments that occur as a result of changes in O2 availability. 2. By cDNA cloning, we have identified two types of VD1/RPD2 transcripts expressed in VD1 and RPD2. In addition, these transcripts are also expressed in other neurons. 3. Both transcripts encode distinct yet related VD1/RPD2 preprohormones that may be cleaved to yield distinct but overlapping sets of neuropeptides. 4. Using the polymerase chain reaction technique, we could show the existence of additional splice variants. 5. Analysis of the organization of the VD1/RPD2 gene indicates that theα peptide coding region is interrupted by a number of introns. 6. We concluded that the mRNA segment encoding theα peptide domain of the VD1/RPD2 preprohormones is alternatively spliced, thus generating differentα peptides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00735369
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the physiological role of a partially purified small cardioactive neuropeptide ofLymnaea stagnalis (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 154 (1984), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The molecular characteristics and physiological role of a partially purified small cardioactive neuropeptide (SCP) of the freshwater pulmonate snailLymnaea stagnalis were studied and compared with those of FMRFamide, an SCP discovered in clam ganglia.Lymnaea SCP, extracted from the central nervous system, and commercial FMRFamide co-elute on Sephadex G-15 columns, but SCP behaves differently from FMRF-amide, when chromatographed on the ion exchanger CM-Sephadex C-25. Moreover, it has a lowerR f value (0.60) on thin layer chromatograms than FMRFamide (0.75). SCP is sensitive to proteolytic enzymes. These data indicate thatLymnaea SCP is a small peptide which is not identical to FMRFamide. 2. Lymnaea SCP is involved in the physiological regulation of the activity of various muscles. It stimulates the frequency of beat as well as the amplitude of the auricle and ventricle. It also stimulates the peristalsis of the oesophagus and causes contractions of the penis retractor muscle. These excitatory effects are similar to those of FMRFamide, suggesting thatLymnaea SCP and FMRFamide must be closely related. 3. The role of SCP as a neurotransmitter is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00683213
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of elevated haemolymph levels of the female gonadotropic dorsal body hormone on the cercarial production ofTrichobilharzia ocellata inLymnaea stagnalis (1984)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 70 (1984), S. 477-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Juvenile specimens ofLymnaea stagnalis were exposed to 0 or 4 miracidia ofTrichobilharzia ocellata. The effects of experimentally raised haemolymph levels of the female gonadotropic dorsal body hormone (DBH) on female reproduction of the host were studied, and the effect on the production of cercariae was determined. Operations of snails and implantations of endocrine dorsal bodies (DB) were performed shortly after infection in three successive experiments. DB implants in non-infected snails (+DB snails) advanced the onset of ovipository activity and enhanced oocyte production compared to that in appropriate controls. In this the increase in haemolymph level is proved of DBH produced by the DB grafts. Infected +DB snails did not show any increase in the various aspects of female reproductive activity. DB implants also did not affect the production of cercariae. Thus the blocking action by the parasites on the development of the reproductive system could not be counteracted by elevating the DBH level in the haemolymph. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the parasites intervene in the reproductive activity of the host at the level of the targets of the gonadotropic hormones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00926688
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct peptide profiling of single neurons by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry (1993)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 28 (1993), S. 1542-1546 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Peptide profiles of single neurons in Lymnaea stagnalis were directly characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry. The mass analysis was performed after minor pretreatment and without any separation steps. Good-quality spectra were obtained of several cell types and also other tissues. The results were compared with the results of conventional peptide chemical methods. In addition to many known peptides, several new peptides were identified. The method provides new opportunities for studying peptide compositions at the single-cell level, which is shown to have many advantages.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210281229
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