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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proteomic identification of differentially expressed proteins in the aging murine olfactory system and transcriptional analysis of the associated genes (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 94 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Decline in olfactory ability has been associated with aging as well as neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of this study was to gain fundamental insight into molecular events associated with the aging olfactory system. We report a comparative proteomic analysis of the olfactory epithelium (OE) and olfactory bulb (OB) of old (80-week old) and young (6-week old) mice with further analysis of age-related differences in differentially expressed proteins at the mRNA level using real-time RT–PCR. Nine proteins in the OE and 20 in the OB were differentially expressed in old and young mice; of these, aldolase 1, peptidyl prolyl isomerase A, mitochondrial aconitase 2, mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 and albumin 1 were identified in the OE; and ATP synthase isoform 1, enolase 1, ferritin heavy chain, malate dehydrogenase 1, tropomyosin alpha 3 chain and dynamin 1 were identified in the OB. At the transcriptional level, aconitase 2 in the OE and ferritin heavy chain 1 in the OB were differentially expressed with aging, in concordance with the proteomic data. Our results demonstrate an altered proteomic profile of the aged murine olfactory system. The identified proteins fall into three broadly defined functional categories: (i) metabolism, (ii) transport/motility and (iii) stress response. Our transcriptional analysis provides insight into possible mechanisms by which protein expression may be regulated in the OE and OB. The results are discussed in relation to the decrement in olfactory sensitivity with aging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03215.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SIGNAL-DETECTING MECHANISMS IN THE OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM: MOLECULAR DISCRIMINATION (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 237 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1974.tb49844.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β-Adrenergic regulation of the secretory granule content of acinar cells in olfactory glands of the salamander (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 155 (1984), S. 435-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Theβ-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (IPR) caused a concentration-dependent reduction in the secretory granule content of acinar cells of superficial and deep olfactory glands. Secretory granule areas and heights and the ratios of granule to cell areas and heights were decreased by 3 mg/kg IPR injected i.p. Larger decreases were observed with 30 mg/kg IPR. IPR also caused vasodilation in the superficial and deep gland layers which was more pronounced at the lower concentration. 2. Injection of 42 mg/kg of theβ-adrenergic antagonist propranolol 10 min prior to injection of 30 mg/kg isoproterenol blocked the reduction in secretory granule content seen with IPR alone. The propranolol antagonism of IPR's effects was partial in the superficial acinar cells and complete in the deep acinar cells. 3. Injection of 42 mg/kg propranolol alone had no effect on the secretory granule content of the superficial acinar cells but caused an increase in the deep acinar cells, suggesting a tonic autonomic input. 4. There was a systematic decrease in the amplitude of the negative component of the electro-olfactogram,V eog(−), evoked by the odorant citral orcis-1,2-dichloroethylene recorded at regular intervals after i.p. injection of 30 mg/kg IPR. Injection of 42 mg/kg propranolol blocked the effect of IPR on the amplitude ofV eog(−). IPR had no effect on the amplitude of the positive voltage transient,V eog(+), elicited bycis-1,2-dichloroethylene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00611909
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of neutrophils in the nonsensory epithelium of the vomeronasal organ in virus-antibody-free rats (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 139-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vomeronasal organ ; Neutrophils ; Perireceptor events ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cells infiltrating the nonsensory epithelium of the vomeronasal organ of virus-antibody-free rats exhibited surface immunoreactivity for β 2-microglobulin and immunoglobulin (Ig) E. They were further characterized by using immunohistochemical techniques with antibodies to cell-specific markers or histochemical techniques for immunocytes with surface receptors for IgE. Localization of intracellular granules immunoreactive for lactoferrin and CD18, a leukocyte adhesion molecule, unequivocally identified these cells as neutrophils. The low number of IgA-and IgG-immunoreactive B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and accessory immunocytes in the vomeronasal organ as well as the rest of the nasal cavity confirmed the absence of infection. We hypothesize that the operation of the vomeronasal pump induces repeated episodes of transient focal ischemia followed by reperfusion, which results in release of neutrophil chemoattractants and modulation of adhesion factors that regulate the extravasation and migration of neutrophils into the nonsensory epithelium. The distribution of immunoreactivity for interleukin 8 suggests that it is not the primary neutrophil chemoattractant in this system while that of CD18 suggests its active involvement in neutrophil extravasation. In addition to their role in immune surveillance, neutrophils may stimulate ion/water secretion into the vomeronasal lumen, affecting the perireceptor processes regulating stimulus access and clearance from the sensory epithelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304519
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resolution of sensory and mucoid glycoconjugates with terminal α-galactose residues in the mucomicrovillar complex of the vomeronasal sensory epithelium by dual confocal laser scanning microscopy (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 211-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Vomeronasal organ sensory neurons ; Mucomicrovillar complex ; Lectins ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The organization of the mucomicrovillar complex of the vomeronasal sensory epithelium of adult rats was examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy. In specimens labeled with the FITC-conjugated isolectin B4 of Bandeiraea simplicifolia, which recognizes terminal α-galactose sugar residues of glycoconjugates, we demonstrated that the mucomicrovillar complex was composed of islet-like structures with a high-density α-galactose core. The mucomicrovillar complex was further resolved into sensory and mucoid components in double-labeling and dual scanning experiments. The sensory component, which consists of the dendritic terminals of olfactory marker protein-immunoreactive vomeronasal receptor neurons, contained cytosolic glycoconjugates with terminal α-galactose sugar residues. The extracellular mucoid component consisted of glycoconjugates containing terminal α-galactose derived from the glands associated with the vomeronasal organ. These results demonstrated the complex microchemical organization of the sensory and mucoid components of the mucomicrovillar complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307791
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Horizontal basal cell proliferation in the olfactory epithelium of transforming growth factor-α transgenic mice (2000)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 299 (2000), S. 185-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cell proliferation Neuronal progenitors Cell cycle progression Transgenic mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Transgenic mice in which overexpression of the transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) gene was directed by the keratin-14 promoter were used to study the regulation of cell cycle progression and proliferation in vivo in the olfactory epithelium. The level of TGF-α protein was 73% greater in the nasal-olfactory epithelium of the transgenic mice than in that of nontransgenic littermate controls. Increased levels of TGF-α protein were accompanied by a 5.8-fold selective increase in the proliferation of phenotypically characterized horizontal basal cells in the transgenics compared with nontransgenics; in contrast, globose basal cells exhibited a similar low level of proliferation in both transgenics and nontransgenics. The level of expression of epidermal growth factor receptor protein, the receptor for TGF-α, was also upregulated in the transgenics, indicating a role for the ErbB tyrosine kinase receptor family in the response to TGF-α in the olfactory epithelium. TGF-α overexpression was also associated with increased expression of several early cell-cycle-associated proteins, including the growth factor sensor cyclin D1, retinoblastoma, E2F-1 transcription factor, and cyclin E, indicating the progression of relatively quiescent progenitor cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle toward the G1/S restriction point, after which the cells become refractive to mitogens. These results demonstrate a role for the growth factor TGF-α in the in vivo regulation of cell cycle progression and proliferation in the mitotically active olfactory epithelium in these transgenic mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004419900149
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glutathione and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase are differentially distributed in the olfactory mucosa of rats (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 270 (1992), S. 475-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thiols ; Glutathione ; γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase ; Olfactory epithelium ; Respiratory epithelium ; Perireceptor events ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Components of the γ-glutamyl cycle, including thiols, glutathione (GSH) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), were localized in the nasal mucosae of rats using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. In olfactory mucosa, thiols were widely distributed, with intense staining in the mucociliary complex (MC), basal cells, acinar cells of Bowman's glands (BG), and olfactory nerve bundles, and with moderate staining in olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). GSH was localized in MC, BG acinar cells, nerve bundles and, to a lesser extent, in ORNs. γ-GT immunoreactivity was restricted to the MC and to basolateral and apical membranes of BG acinar and duct cells. The basolateral membrane of BG acinar cells, located in close association with blood vessels and connective tissue, showed granule-like immunoreactivity. Inrespiratory mucosa, all three compounds were localized in the MC and acinar cells of respiratory glands (RG). In the MC, γ-GT immunoreactivity was associated primarily with brush borders of ciliated cells. Granular immunoreactivity was also apparent in the supranuclear region of RG acinar cells. These results demonstrate that components of the γ-glutamyl cycle are localized in olfactory and respiratory glands, and that they are secreted into the mucus, where they may mediate perireceptor events such as detoxification and/or solubilization of air-borne xenobiotics, toxicants and odorants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00645049
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resolution of sensory and mucoid glycoconjugates with terminal α-galactose residues in the mucomicrovillar complex of the vomeronasal sensory epithelium by dual confocal laser scanning microscopy (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 211-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vomeronasal organ sensory neurons ; Mucomicrovillar complex ; Lectins ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The organization of the mucomicrovillar complex of the vomeronasal sensory epithelium of adult rats was examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy. In specimens labeled with the FITC-conjugated isolectin B4 of Bandeiraea simplicifolia, which recognizes terminal α-galactose sugar residues of glycoconjugates, we demonstrated that the mucomicrovillar complex was composed of islet-like structures with a high-density α-galactose core. The mucomicrovillar complex was further resolved into sensory and mucoid components in double-labeling and dual scanning experiments. The sensory component, which consists of the dendritic terminals of olfactory marker protein-immunoreactive vomeronasal receptor neurons, contained cytosolic glycoconjugates with terminal α-galactose sugar residues. The extracellular mucoid component consisted of glycoconjugates containing terminal α-galactose derived from the glands associated with the vomeronasal organ. These results demonstrated the complex microchemical organization of the sensory and mucoid components of the mucomicrovillar complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307791
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced extrinsic innervation of nasal and oral chemosensory mucosae in keratin 14-NGF transgenic mice (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 481-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nerve growth factor ; Transgenic animals ; Keratin ; Innervation ; Hyperinnervation ; Olfactory epithelium ; Taste buds ; Vomeronasal organ ; Protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 ; Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) ; Mouse (Rodentia)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The role of nerve growth factor (NGF) in neurotrophic support for the extrinsic innervation of the nasal and oral mucosae was investigated in keratin 14 (K14)-NGF transgenic mice in which NGF was over-expressed in K14-synthesizing cells. K14 immunoreactivity was localized in the epithelial basal cells of the whisker pad skin, the hard palate, the floor of the ventral meatus, and the anterior tongue that are stratified squamous epithelia, and also in basal cells of the vomeronasal, olfactory, and respiratory epithelia that are non-stratified epithelia. In transgenic mice, NGF expression was identified and confined primarily to the basal cells of stratified epithelia. The nasal mucosae including the vomeronasal, olfactory, and respiratory mucosae, and the glands associated with the vomeronasal organ received a greater innervation of protein gene product 9.5-immunoreactive extrinsic fibers in transgenic animals than nontransgenic controls. An increased density of calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive extrinsic fibers was observed in the nonsensory epithelia of the vomeronasal organ, the olfactory sensory and respiratory epithelia in transgenic animals. Our results indicated that the hyperinnervation of the nasal and oral mucosae by extrinsic neurons is due at least partially to target-derived NGF synthesis and release by K14-expressing basal cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318880
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of neutrophils in the nonsensory epithelium of the vomeronasal organ in virus-antibody-free rats (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 139-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Vomeronasal organ ; Neutrophils ; Perireceptor events ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Cells infiltrating the nonsensory epithelium of the vomeronasal organ of virus-antibody-free rats exhibited surface immunoreactivity for β2-microglobulin and immunoglobulin (Ig) E. They were further characterized by using immunohistochemical techniques with antibodies to cell-specific markers or histochemical techniques for immunocytes with surface receptors for IgE. Localization of intracellular granules immunoreactive for lactoferrin and CD18, a leukocyte adh esion molecule, unequivocally identified these cells as neutrophils. The low number of IgA- and IgG-immunoreactive B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and accessory immunocytes in the vomeronasal organ as well as the rest of the nasal cavity confirmed the absence of infection. We hypothesize that the operation of the vomeronasal pump induces repeated episodes of transient focal ischemia followed by reperfusion, which results in release of neutrophil chemoattractants and modulation of adhesion factors that regulat e the extravasation and migration of neutrophils into the nonsensory epithelium. The distribution of immunoreactivity for interleukin 8 suggests that it is not the primary neutrophil chemoattractant in this system while that of CD18 suggests its active involvement in neutrophil extravasation. In addition to their role in immune surveillance, neutrophils may stimulate ion/water secretion into the vomeronasal lumen, affecting the perireceptor processes regulating stimulus access and clearance from the sensory epithelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304519
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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